Minimal-waste design of timber layouts from non-standard reclaimed elements: A combinatorial approach based on structural reciprocity

The use of timber allows reducing the environmental impact in the construction sector. However, as the demand for construction timber rises, the pressure on the world’s forest is increasing too. To maintain an adequate supply of timber from sustainable forests in the coming decades, the building industry must adopt practices that reduce the impact on forestry. Reuse is one of the principles of Circular Economy (CE). Among the technical challenges of reuse are the variability and the short size of the stock of elements coming either from demolition or from new construction, such as cut-offs and temporary scaffolding. This work presents a study for the design of structural configurations with short and non-regular sized elements that would normally be considered waste. The configurations are based on the principle of structural reciprocity and are generated by an optimization algorithm that allows minimizing the material waste and maximizing the stock elements use. A computational strategy based on the SPEA-II multi-objective method is employed for the investigation of optimal trade-offs between competing objective functions, such as structural lightness and optimal use of stock inventory. The goal of this work is demonstrating the feasibility of an industrial process, borrowing key elements from the Industry 4.0 paradigm, for a streamlined and economical production of standardized building components using non-standard reclaimed elements.

STUDI LITERATUR : PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSERVASI HUTAN

One of the efforts to conserve resources is to link local community wisdom to sustainable forest conservation. The study was conducted to figure out how local communities' prudence relates to the conservation of forest areas. Conservation is an effort to preserve or manage sustainable forests such as traditional customs that have the trust to protect forests. This is because people’s role is vital to the management of forest areas. The study was done with a purpose (1) to find out how local prudence relates to the conservation of forest areas, (2) to see how people are involved in forest conservation, (3) to see what the cultural condition of local communities is. It is to hope that the areas of the forest will be preserved and that the awareness of communities in the importance of keeping properly.Keywords: Culture, Forest Conservation, Community Role AbstrakSalah satu upaya konservasi sumber daya adalah dengan mengkaitkan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kaitan antara kearifan lokal masyarakat terhadap konservasi kawasan hutan. Konservasi merupakan suatu upaya pelestarian atau pengelolaan suatu wilayah yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya dari konservasi hutan adalah dengan mengkaitkan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan yang berkelanjutan seperti adat istiadat yang memiliki kepercayaan untuk melindungi hutan. Hal ini dikarenakan peran masyarakat sangatlah penting dalam pengelolaan kawasan hutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan (1) untuk mengetahui bagaimana kaitan antara kearifan lokal terhadap konservasi kawasan hutan, (2) mengetahui bagaimana peran masyarakat terhadap konservasi hutan, (3) untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi kebudayaan masyarakat lokal. Adanya upaya-upaya tersebut dapat diharapkan kawasan hutan akan terjaga kelestariannya dan adanya kesadaran dalam masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga hutan dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Kebudayaan, Konservasi Hutan, Peran Masyarakat

Keeping pace with forestry: Multi-scale conservation in a changing production forest matrix

The multi-scale approach to conserving forest biodiversity has been used in Sweden since the 1980s, a period defined by increased reserve area and conservation actions within production forests. However, two thousand forest-associated species remain on Sweden’s red-list, and Sweden’s 2020 goals for sustainable forests are not being met. We argue that ongoing changes in the production forest matrix require more consideration, and that multi-scale conservation must be adapted to, and integrated with, production forest development. To make this case, we summarize trends in habitat provision by Sweden’s protected and production forests, and the variety of ways silviculture can affect biodiversity. We discuss how different forestry trajectories affect the type and extent of conservation approaches needed to secure biodiversity, and suggest leverage points for aiding the adoption of diversified silviculture. Sweden’s long-term experience with multi-scale conservation and intensive forestry provides insights for other countries trying to conserve species within production landscapes.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI (KPHP) UNIT V (Wilayah Kabupaten Minahasa, Kota Tomohon, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Dan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan)

The research aims to (1) Analyze management strategies to create productive and sustainable forests, (2) Determine priority strategies in managing Unit V Production Forest Management (KPHP) Units. The research is conducted from August to September 2017 in the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) Unit V in 4 (four) districts / cities namely Minahasa Regency, Tomohon City and Southeast Minahasa Regency and South Minahasa Regency. Data collection methods in this study include primary data and secondary data, primary data includes: 1) Strategic environmental issues through FGD forums, 2) Strategic priority determination through expert opinion, Secondary data obtained by studying the relevant data: 1) The Unit V / KPHP forest governance document in the regency / city area, namely Minahasa Regency, Tomohon City, Southeast Minahasa Regency and South Minahasa Regency, 2) Biophysical, socio-economic and institutional data of the study area obtained from Unit V RPHJP document data. Analysis tools are descriptive analysis, and a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT. The results of the study show that (1) the management strategies used in Unit V KPHP are aggressive strategies or support policies established in KPHP unit V management. (2) priority strategy in KPHP management Unit V is managing the area, utilizing watershed rehabilitation and strengthening institutional and safeguarding Unit V's core KPHP areas in forest management, as well as the development of forest utilization models, market-oriented agroforestry, and adequate financial support in Unit V KPHP operations.*eprm*

Natural Resource Enterprises: Payments to Landowners for Ecosystem Services from Forests and their Management in the United States of America (U.S.)

Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.