The criminal and administrative type of front running practice and damage to the securities market

The purpose of this article is to clarify non-equitable market practices and crimes against the securities market, especially the practice of front running, in addition to point cases in which individuals acted illegally and indicate the damages to the market that this practice has caused. It also explains the possible criminal and administrative sanctions applied to the practice of front running presently in Brazilian law and whether using HTFs is considered a way of front running. The conclusion is that the practice of front running affects the proper functioning of the securities market. It damages the liquidity of assets and the parity of information principle through the inappropriate use of inside information. In addition, there is an appeal for hardening custodial sentences on crimes against the securities market, as it has greater coercive power than regular fines.

‘Sacrifical lambs’ or candidate mimicking? Gender-based nomination strategies in elections

This paper explores an alternative mechanism for understanding the drivers of the nomination of women for elective office in single-member electoral systems. Previous research has generally examined two sources of gender-based politics: party ideology, with leftist parties being more female-friendly than rightist parties, and the strategic nomination of candidates depending on whether the party is expected to win or lose in the district, with women more likely to be used as ‘sacrificial lambs’ in hopeless contests. We argue that the nomination of male and female candidates across districts reflects an interdependence of party strategies – in particular, the actions of the main opposition party. We hypothesise that when the trailing party is not committed to gender equality, its equilibrium strategy in a given district is the nomination of a candidate of the same gender as that of the front-running party. Secondary data from 1,017 single-member Australian districts and more than 2,000 candidates from 2001–2019 confirm our hypothesis.

Iran leaders will use all means to boost poll turnout

Significance President Hassan Rouhani today added that enthusiastic voter queues would upset the United States and potentially force it to the negotiating table. The Guardian Council's extensive disqualification of well-known reformist and moderate candidates has contributed to expectations of voter apathy. This gives the advantage to conservative 'principlists' ('usulgarayan'). Impacts Many front-running candidates may fail to meet the 20% threshold for elections, leading to multiple second-round votes on April 17. Though moderates control the interior ministry, which calculates votes, extremely low turnout might boost pressure to fuzz the numbers. As in previous years, the 2021 presidential election is likely to follow the trends emerging from this round of parliamentary polls.

Where there is smoke there is fire: front running at MAC and DICE securities Pakistan

Purpose This case captures the experience of the newly hired investigation officer (IO) at the SECP, who crafts a front running case focused on the ethical transgressions by equity trader and KATS operator, at a famous brokerage house named Mir Ali Chaudhary Securities (MAC) Securities and three traders at DICE in Pakistan. The case outlines the whole series of investigation event that took place, from the IO identifying the smoke to all the pieces of puzzle together to form collectively evidence of front running. The case outlines and probes students to think at each stage of investigation as to how to answer the general claims that insider trading should be legalized. All these questions are viewed from the perspective of Pakistan’s regulatory environment. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a descriptive case study methodology approach. Findings The investigation trial held Sidney and Aslam guilty, sentencing them to imprisonment and making them pay fine to the Securities Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) worth Rs 5m and Rs 1m, respectively. Likewise, the three equity traders at DICE were sentenced to imprisonment and charged a fine of Rs. 1m each. Originality/value On March 21, 2018, Mr Sidney, the equity trader, Mr Aslam, a KATS operator at MAC Securities and three equity traders at DICE Securities (Pvt.) Ltd were convicted under Securities Act (2015) and Court of law. Sidney and Aslam were alleged of tipping off advance confidential information of their clients’ order to the three equity traders at DICE, whereas the three traders at DICE were alleged of trading shares based on the tipped information in their trading account before the MAC clients’ orders were filled.

Effects of Acute Eccentric Exercise on Appetite-Related Hormones and Food Preferences in Men

Eccentric exercise has been suggested to improve muscle atrophy, muscle function, and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute eccentric exercise on appetite-related hormones, food preferences, and food intake. Fourteen moderately active men were recruited to participate in this study (age 24.2 ± 5.5 years; BMI 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2; VO2max 48.9 ± 3.1 ml/kg/min). Three different conditions were implemented; no exercise, flat running “inclination 0” and downhill running “inclination –12%.” Appetite-related hormones, subjective appetite sensations, food preference and reward, and ad libitum food intake were measured at pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h post exercise. There were no significant median changes in total ghrelin or pancreatic peptide concentrations between conditions. There were also no median differences in subjective appetite ratings or energy intake between conditions, but the median change in explicit liking of sweet versus savory foods differed significantly between pre-exercise and 24 h post exercise ( p = .013). Post-hoc analysis observed a significant difference in the pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise change between front running and downhill running ( p = .023), and indicated greater liking of savory foods over sweet foods in downhill running than front running. However, no further differences were seen between conditions for the remaining food preference parameters, suggesting there were no systematic trends in these data. In conclusion, there was no effect of front and downhill running on eating behavior as compared to a nonexercise control condition, but these data need to be replicated in a larger and more heterogeneous sample.