Theory of analysis of the innovative ecosystems development

The ecosystem approach makes a significant contribution to understanding the current transformations of socio-economic life. New end-to-end technologies have a high potential to minimize the transaction sector in order to focus on meeting the real needs of people and firms and forming economic, political, cultural, and value institutions for sustainable development and justice for all. It seems that the technological breakthroughs of recent years, as well as the reverse pandemic economic dynamics, provide ample opportunities for the spread of innovative ecosystems as a new form of coordination of production activities. The unique characteristics of ecosystems as predominantly self-organizing communities allow us to identify a number of conceptual approaches to the analysis of their development: network, system, digital, stakeholder, and transactional. The objectives of the article do not include their detailed presentation. We show the applicability of approaches for ecosystem analysis. Based on the description of the options and possibilities for the applicability of these approaches, we came to the conclusion that the nature of innovative ecosystems is dual. First, the latter allow us to model (structure, systematize) interorganizational, inter-firm relations in a new way, to identify ecosystem features of communities, industrial and regional complexes. Second, ecosystems need to be recognized as a new form of transactional coordination of economic activity. They are alternatives to institutions such as the firm, the market, and hybrid forms. The increment of scientific knowledge consists in the implementation of the main goal of the study -the systematization of methods for analyzing the development of innovative ecosystems based on the formation of ideas for ecosystem analysis of innovation management.

From transaction costs to transaction value: Overcoming the frictional paradigm

The transaction cost economics has accumulated a mass of dogmatic concepts and assertions that have acquired high stability under the influence of path dependence. These include the dogma about transaction costs as frictions, the dogma about the unproductiveness of transactions as a generator of losses, “Stigler—Coase” theorem and the logic of transaction cost minimization, and also the dogma about the priority of institutions providing low-cost transactions. The listed dogmas underlie the prevailing tradition of transactional analysis the frictional paradigm — which, in turn, is the foundation of neo-institutional theory. Therefore, the community of new institutionalists implicitly blocks attempts of a serious revision of this dogmatics. The purpose of the article is to substantiate a post-institutional (alternative to the dominant neo-institutional discourse) value-oriented perspective for the development of transactional studies based on rethinking and combining forgotten theoretical alternatives. Those are Commons’s theory of transactions, Wallis—North’s theory of transaction sector, theory of transaction benefits (T. Sandler, N. Komesar, T. Eggertsson) and Zajac—Olsen’s theory of transaction value. The article provides arguments and examples in favor of broader explanatory possibilities of value-oriented transactional analysis.

Transaction sector of the region and its impact on the economy of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: structural-functional approach

In the monograph the authors substantiate the expediency of application of the structural-functional approach to the assessment of the transaction sector in the economy of the region describes its structure and functions as a subsystem of the regional economy, the model developed a methodology for assessing the impact of transaction sector for the regional economy in the context of its fields and functions, the possibility of their application to conduct inter-regional comparisons. A comparative analysis of the functioning of the transaction sector of the Perm region and regions considered as its competitors. Developed the organizational-economic mechanism of management of transaction sector of the economy of the region. The monograph is addressed to a wide circle of readers: students and teachers of universities, scientists and practical workers. The proposed technique and the mechanism of management of transaction sector of the region can be used by authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the development and adjustment strategies and programs for socio-economic development of the region, educational institutions of higher and further education in the educational process, scientific-research organizations in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the management of the transaction sector of the economy of a particular region.

Risk impact on resource distribution in sectors of economics and industrialization

The purpose of the study is the impact of the risk of economic activity, which is concentrated in the sectors of the economy, on the distribution of resources between sectors, the change in investment in new and old technologies, the manufacturability and the gross value added created, the themes of its growth. Quantitative risk assessment is carried out by the standard square deviation of gross profit in the sectors and in the Russian economy. Manufacturability is determined by the ratio of production on new and old technologies, and new technologies are newly created advanced technologies. The research methodology is a structural analysis that allows the Russian economy to be represented in the form of a dichotomy of the sectors — processing and transactional raw materials. This dichotomy is applied due to the necessary assessment of the course of industrialization and the influence of risk in processing on the dynamics of general and special coefficients of industrialization. The result of the study is that the positive effect of reducing the risk in the manufacturing sector on the change in its manufacturability and improvement of the parameters of industrialization of the economy has been confirmed. Taking into account the relationship of profitability in the sectors of the economy and the risk of doing business in them, the resulting ratios for the levels of profitability and risk in the two sectors were obtained, which give the best pace of their development and the overall dynamics of the gross value added of the Russian economy during the industrialization process. The ratio of risk in the processing and raw materials sector should be less established in the study of the value (1.3) for the dynamics to be the best. This will require measures to reduce the risk in the manufacturing sector, and, most likely, national projects and state guarantees, in this part, perform the function of damping risks. In the transaction sector, risk apparently should not be reduced (the task of raising it looks extraordinary) so that the risk ratio influences the distribution of investment, capital and labor between the sectors in order to ensure the best contribution of the sectors to the overall dynamics of the economy.

Small and Medium Enterprises in the Russian Transaction Sector

Purpose: to study the significance of small and medium enterprises for the functioning of the modern Russian transaction sector.Methods: the paper used General scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis, abstraction, generalization. The study used a comparative method and elements of economic analysis. The article also uses a graphical method of presenting information. The study was carried out on the basis of official statistical data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia.Results: to achieve this goal, the article solves the following tasks: 1) A review analysis of the current state of the domestic transaction sector based on the study of statistical data on the activities of Russian enterprises and organizations. This formed the basis for further research. 2) Analyzed indicators of small and medium enterprises in the transaction types of economic activity. This made it possible to identify their role in the functioning of the transaction sector. 3) Studied the statistical indicators of the financial condition of small and medium organizations of the transaction sector, which showed the problems of their activities.Conclusions and Relevance: currently, the transaction sector is a significant part of the domestic economy. This is evidenced by a General analysis of the statistical characteristics of the activities of Russian enterprises and organizations. At the same time, the majority of enterprises engaged in transactional activities have a private form of ownership. The study of the activities of small and medium enterprises showed that today more than half of them work in the transaction areas. In this regard, small and medium businesses can be considered an integral and very important part of the modern transaction sector. The flagship of the transactional activity in the business environment is small businesses. Their indicators significantly exceed the corresponding values of medium organizations. In addition, the main role of small enterprises is due to the immanent properties of small-scale companies. Nevertheless, the analysis of indicators of the financial condition of small and medium enterprises of transaction activities revealed their weak business and commercial efficiency, the presence of problems of solvency and financial stability. This threatens not only the viability of enterprises, but also the efficient functioning of the transactional sector. In this regard, there is a need to develop and conduct systemic activities aimed at supporting the development of Russian small and medium enterprises, as well as stimulating the development of the entire domestic transaction sector, consistent with the general strategy of economic development of Russia.