KEBIJAKAN INDONESIA MERATIFIKASI ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP)

This research discusses why Indonesia ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). AATHP has been signed by ASEAN’s member states since 2002, but not all of them directly ratify it. Indonesia had not ratified AATHP for more than one decade because it faced domestic political barriers. The interest of private groups becomes the reason for the non-ratification policy for many years. In 2014, Indonesia made a contrast change by AATHP ratification policy. It obviously raises a question about the cause of that change. In order to answer the question, liberalism is proposed to be the framework theory to analyze the influence of private sectors and other actors in Indonesia's domestic policy on the AATHP ratification. Liberalism considers that AATHP ratification policy is encouraged by the support of domestic political actors in Indonesia, especially the private group. In the sphere of Indonesian domestic politics, behavioral change of private group and supports of other actors towards the ratification, these both aspects become the background of the emergence of Indonesia AATHP ratification policy.

A Tale of Two Centers: Access to Private Care Improves Outcomes in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients

Introduction Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potentially curative treatment for many hematological diseases. However, lack of availability of specialized centers and high costs limit access to the procedure in low and middle income countries. Previous research has shown that Latin-American patients with hematological malignancies have worse outcomes when treated in public health systems compared to patients treated in the private setting. Healthcare in Mexico is provided by three systems: the private sector (financed by a private insurance or out of pocket), social security (government-run health systems) and a public system (partially funded by the government), where the most vulnerable population is treated. To date, disparities in outcomes of BMT between patients in public and private health systems have not been widely studied. Objectives Primary: to determine the impact of access to private healthcare in BMT recipients by comparing the outcomes of patients treated in two centers that are led by a single team. Secondary objectives were to determine differences in the overall treatment population and transplantation strategies in each context. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients aged 15 and older who underwent BMT regardless of diagnosis form 2015-2021 in two Institutions: 1) A private hematology practice treating insured patients in conventional BMT units similar to those in high-income countries (Private) and 2) A public academic institution where an outpatient transplant strategy is common in the context of significant limitations in access to quality supportive care and high-cost medications (Public). Both programs are led by the same team of hematologists following similar transplant strategies with the salient features being the frequent use of peripheral blood stem cells, chemotherapy-based conditioning regimens, and the preferred use of haploidentical donors vs. matched unrelated donors. We excluded second transplants from this analysis and patients who received them were censored at the time of infusion. We compared baseline characteristics, overall survival (OS), event free survival (EFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and the incidence of GVHD in the two different treatment systems. Results A total of 219 patients underwent BMT from January 2015 to June 2021, n=166 (76%) were performed in the Public setting, and n=53 (24%) in the Private setting. Patients in the Private group were older, with a higher proportion of high/very high disease risk index (DRI), hematopoietic cell comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and more frequent use of myeloablative conditioning (Table 1). A similar proportion haploidentical donor grafts were performed (61 vs 57%) with a single matched unrelated donor transplant in the Private center. Median follow-up was 9.7 (0.2-71), and 10.3 (0.7-67.6) months, for Public and Private centers respectively (p=0.38). Median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were similar. Seventy patients (42%) in Public, and 15 patients (28%) in Private groups relapsed (p=0.049), with a median time to relapse of 17.5 vs. 47.6 months (p<0.017); there were no significant differences in non-relapse mortality at 2 years (27 vs. 18%) (Fig.1) and primary failure (9% vs 2%). Grade 2-4 aGVHD occurred in 31% patients in the Public setting vs. 19% in Private (p=0.08), without differences in grade 3-4 aGVHD (12% vs 8%). Moderate/severe cGVHD incidence was similar for both groups with (19 vs. 18%). Estimated 2-year EFS was 34% in Public vs. and 54% in Private (Fig. 2), with a median EFS of 8.8 vs 25.7 months (p= 0.024). There were no statistically significant differences in OS (p=0.65), with estimated 2-year OS of 51% for Public and 68% for Privately treated patients, and a median OS of 21.1 months vs. not reached (Fig. 3). When stratified by DRI, patients with Public BMT and a high/very high DRI had a median OS of only 9.7 months vs. not reached for the Private group (Fig. 4). Patients with high/very high DRI in the Private setting had similar outcomes to those with low/intermediate disease in the Public group with the best outcomes achieved by patients with low/intermediate disease treated privately. Conclusion Patients who undergo BMT in the public health system are at risk for significantly worse outcomes when compared to patients cared for in private systems even if a similar strategy is followed and are led by the same team. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures González López: AMGEN: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Honoraria. Gomez-Almaguer: Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers-Squibb: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Gomez-De Leon: ASH: Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria.

The influence of breeding history, origin and growth type on population structure of barley as revealed by SSR markers

Natural and mass selection during domestication and cultivation favored particular traits of interest in barley. In the present study, population structure, and genetic relationships among 144 accessions of barley landraces and breeding materials from various countries were studied using a set of 77 and 72 EST-SSR and gSSR markers, respectively distributed on seven chromosomes of barley. In total, 262 and 429 alleles were amplified in 77 EST-SSRs and 72 gSSR loci, respectively. Out of which, 185 private/group-specific alleles were identified in the landraces compared with 14 in "cultivar and advanced breeding lines", indicating the possibility to introgress favorite alleles from landraces into breeding materials. Comparative analysis of genetic variation among breeding materials, Iranian landraces, and exotic landraces revealed higher genetic diversity in Iranian landraces compared with others. A total of 37, 15, and 14 private/group-specific alleles were identified in Iranian landraces, exotic landraces, and breeding materials, respectively. The most likely groups for 144 barley genotypes were three as inferred using model- and distance-based clustering as well as principal coordinate analysis which assigned the landraces and breeding materials into separate groups. The distribution of alleles was found to be correlated with population structure, domestication history and eco-geographical factors. The high allelic richness in the studied set of barley genotype provides insights into the available diversity and allows the construction of core groups based on maximizing allelic diversity for use in barley breeding programs.

Surgery for herniated lumbar disc in private vs public hospitals: A pragmatic comparative effectiveness study

Background There is limited evidence on the comparative performance of private and public healthcare. Our aim was to compare outcomes following surgery for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in private versus public hospitals. Methods Data were obtained from the Norwegian registry for spine surgery. Primary outcome was change in Oswestry disability index (ODI) 1 year after surgery. Secondary endpoints were quality of life (EuroQol EQ-5D), back and leg pain, complications, and duration of surgery and hospital stays. Results Among 5221 patients, 1728 in the private group and 3493 in the public group, 3624 (69.4%) completed 1-year follow-up. In the private group, mean improvement in ODI was 28.8 points vs 32.3 points in the public group (mean difference − 3.5, 95% CI − 5.0 to − 1.9; P for equivalence < 0.001). Equivalence was confirmed in a propensity-matched cohort and following mixed linear model analyses. There were differences in mean change between the groups for EQ-5D (mean difference − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.02; P = 0.002) and back pain (mean difference − 0.2, 95% CI − 0.2, − 0.4 to − 0.004; P = 0.046), but after propensity matching, the groups did not differ. No difference was found between the two groups for leg pain. Complication rates was lower in the private group (4.5% vs 7.2%; P < 0.001), but after propensity matching, there was no difference. Patients operated in private clinics had shorter duration of surgery (48.4 vs 61.8 min) and hospital stay (0.7 vs 2.2 days). Conclusion At 1 year, the effectiveness of surgery for LDH was equivalent in private and public hospitals.

Pátečníci v kresbě

The article deals with depictions of a looser private group associated with the writer Karel Čapek (1895–1938). The company as a group was captured in three drawings by the artist and writer Adolf Hoffmeister (1902–1973), which he dated to 1927. The public is most familiar with the drawing called Pátečníci [Friday Men], best visually representing the topic. The artist also made other drawings associated with the Friday Men.

Differentially Private Group-by Data Releasing Algorithm

Privacy concerns are growing fast because of data protection regulations around the world. Many works have built private algorithms avoiding sensitive information leakage through data publication. Differential privacy, based on formal definitions, is a strong guarantee for individual privacy and the cutting edge for designing private algorithms. This work proposes a differentially private group-by algorithm for data publication under the exponential mechanism. Our method publishes data groups according to a specified attribute while maintaining the desired privacy level and trustworthy utility results.