Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Diallyl Disulphide and Diaceto-Dipropyl Disulphide on Renal Tissue in Alloxan Diabetic Rats - A Comparative Study

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the commonest causes for end stage renal disease. Renal accumulation of lipids is one of the pathological finding seen in diabetic nephropathy. Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a principle component of garlic oil, is known for its hypolipidemic properties. Diaceto-dipropyl disulphide (DADPDS) is a structural analogue of DADS, and is more palatable and less toxic to diabetic rats. Hence this animal experiment study was undertaken to compare the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of DADS and DADPDS on diabetic rat renal tissue and to evaluate the better disulphide among the two that may be used as adjuvant drug in treating or preventing diabetic nephropathy. METHODS This was an animal experimental comparative study. 24 male albino rats were grouped (6 rats in each group) into normal, diabetic control, DADS and DADPDS treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. DADS and DADPDS were fed by gastric intubation for 90 days. After stipulated time, kidneys were dissected out and its total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipid levels were estimated along with tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. RESULTS Renal tissue total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in DADS and moderately decreased in DADPDS treated diabetic kidneys, when compared to diabetic control rats. But TBARS levels were significantly decreased in DADPDS rat kidneys compared to DADS treated rat kidneys. CONCLUSIONS In this comparative study, we note that DADS has better lipid-lowering effect on renal tissue of alloxan diabetic rats compared to DADPDS. On the other hand, DADPDS has low renal toxic effects, as indicated by low TBARS levels and improvement in blood glucose levels, when compared to DADS treated diabetic rats. Hence, DADS can be used as an adjuvant drug, only in atherogenic diabetic patients without nephropathy and DADPDS can be used as an adjuvant drug in diabetic nephropathy patients. KEYWORDS Diallyl-Disulphide, Diallyl-Dipropyl Disulphide, Diabetic Nephropathy, Renal Lipids

Protective Effect of Commercial Green Tea on Ibuprofen Induced Changes in Renal Function Tests of Adult Rats

Background: Nephrotoxicity of ibuprofen is a growing international public health problem in the wake of excessive use of the drug for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases in both adults and pediatric patients. Objectives: To present an overview of the protective effect of the green tea on ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys. Methods: It is an experimental study conducted in the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi. The investigation was led on 30 male and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rodents of 9-11 weeks old enough and going in weight from 200-330 gm. The animals were divided into three groups consisting of 10 animals each; group A served as control, each animal in group B was given ibuprofen at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day and each animal in group C was given both green tea at a dose of 1ml/100g/day and Ibuprofen 120mg/kg body weight for a period of 9 weeks. Ibuprofen manufactured by Abbot Laboratories (Pvt.) Limited was utilized. Green tea was obtained from local market. Data was collected at the end of experimental period and was analyzed using SPSS version 22. One Way ANOVA was exerted, afterwards by post-hoc Tukey test to find out intergroup differences for quantitative variables. The results were depicted as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). A p value < 0.05 was believed significant. Results: Green tea administration had a significantly favorable effect on serum urea (mg/dl) (Group A=21.9 ± 2.8, Group B=93.2 ± 3.9, Group C=36.4± 3.0; p<0.001) and serum creatinine (mg/dl) (Group A=0.9 ± 0.22, Group B=2.4± 0.52, Group C=0.97 ± 0.3; p<0.001). Conclusions: Green tea had ameliorative effects on the ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys.