scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF M. F. KOSAREV’S PERSONAL PAPERS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVE OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, RAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
А. А. Кудрявцев ◽  
С. А. Володин ◽  
С. В. Селезнева
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Scientific Archive ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Bronze Age

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда М. Ф. Косарева, поступившего в Научно-отраслевой архив Института археологии РАН в 2019 г. (Ф. 68). Материалы фонда содержат отчетные данные о работах Западно-Сибирской археологической экспедиции ИА АН СССР в 1960-1980-е гг., рукописи статей и монографий, сведения о научной и служебной деятельности ученого. Архивные дела фонда являются источником по изучению культур бронзового века Западной Сибири и Урала и различных аспектов истории и этнографии этих регионов, сибирского язычества. The paper provides an overview M. F. Kosarev’s personal papers acquired by the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, in 2019 (fond 68). The materials from these personal papers contain reports on the work carried out by the Western Siberia Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1960-1980s, manuscript copies of papers and monographs, information on research and official activities of the scholar. Archival file-cases of the fond are used as a source for studies of the Bronze Age cultures in Western Siberia and the Urals as well as various aspects of history and ethnography of these regions, and Siberian paganism.

scholarly journals Problems of the Territorial Development of the USSR in 1945: N. N. Kolosovsky’s Report to the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Mobilization of Resources of the Urals, Western Siberia, and Kazakhstan for Needs of National Defense

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Mikheev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Further Development

The article introduces into scientific use a report of Nikolai N. Kolosovsky, founder of the Soviet local school for economic geography. It was written in 1945, in the last months of the Great Patriotic War, for a dispute held in at the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on mobilizing the resources of the Urals, Western Siberia and Kazakhstan for needs of national defense. During the war, N. N. Kolosovsky supervised deployment of war industry in the Urals and solved related transport organization problems. In his report, Kolosovsky expounds his views on restoring Soviet economy in light of approaching victory. The published source captures the author’s temporarily determined socio-political attitudes, as well as his professional considerations. The report was compiled several months before the beginning of the Cold War. A contains a number of references to the international cooperation of the USSR and its allies from anti-Hitler coalition. N. N. Kolosovsky does not question neither imminent assistance of the Western countries in the economic development of the postwar USSR, nor Soviet successful entry into the European market, which is subsequently to become Eurasian. The report reflects the mood of the euphoria that briefly engulfed Soviet society, soon to be destroyed by the confrontation of the two superpowers. Another valuable aspect of the report is the author’s steadfast habit of looking at any given topic through the lens of further development of Soviet Eastern regions. It allowed N. N. Kolosovsky to juxtapose direct military damage caused by the Nazis to the the occupied Soviet territories and “indirect” damage caused by forced reorganization of industry of the rear regions according to wartime demands. His observations allow Kolosovsky to predict the future problems in territorial development of the USSR and to point out concrete ways for their resolution.

scholarly journals Items of the Seima-Turbino Metal Complex from Lower Pyshma River

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Borodovsky ◽  
Yuri V. Oborin
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
The Bronze Age

Purpose. This article examines the collection of recently discovered items from lower Pyshma River (Tyumen region, Tyumen district), belonging to the Seima-Turbino time, which to be found on the territory of Eurasia is rather a rare archaeological phenomenon. Results. The researchers identified a set of items encompassing bronze objects – spears, knives, celts, an ice pick and mask. This composition of items entirely reflects a standard set of artifacts belonging to the Seima-Turbino time. Furthermore, this set of items is obviously close to religious collections (Galichsky Klad), which contained anthropomorphic metal objects. Of special interest in the collection is a metal mask with a protruding nose made of bronze plates. The sharp angled upper and lower parts of the face are considered to be its culturally determining signs. The shape and appearance of the top of the head may well be classified as headgear characteristic of the Samus’sko-Seima time. Such tight-fitting hats are typical of various samples of anthropomorphic plastic art in the south of Western Siberia. The iconographic features of this toreutics item belonging to the Bronze Age largely encapsulates peculiarities of similar-purpose images that existed in the forest territories of Western Siberia up until the Middle Ages. Conclusion. It is important to emphasize that this collection presents great significance in terms of studying non-ferrous processing technologies. Overall, the discovered items can be considered as both a set of tools, and as part of cult paraphernalia and the transcultural phenomenon of Middle bronze Age, especially in connection with the discovered bronze mask.

scholarly journals Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I.A. Valkov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Methods and Opportunities in the Research of Bronze Age Communities : The Outcomes of the Bioarchaeological Research Programme of the Momentum Mobility Research Group (2015-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Viktória Kiss ◽  
András Czene ◽  
Marietta Csányi ◽  
János Dani ◽  
Szilvia Fábián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Bronze Age

Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migrations of later (i.e. Early Medieval) periods effecting the Carpathian Basin were interpreted as instances of cultural and population change which could be comparable with processes that took place during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the past two decades, Eurasian archaeological research received a new impetus to investigate the traces of migrations during prehistory, in collaboration with other disciplines such as isotope geochemistry or archaeogenetics. The current project which commenced in 2015, funded by the ‛Momentum Programme’ of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was set out to investigate the societal changes that had taken place within the boundaries of modern-day Hungary – contemporaneous with the builders of the great pyramids of Egypt and the Greek heroes of the Mycenaean shaft graves – by analysing the settlements, cemeteries and the artefacts recovered from these archaeological sites. The project, for the first time in Hungarian Bronze Age research, employs a range of multidisciplinary methodologies in order to examine the social changes of the period. The present paper is to provide an overview of a particular aspect of this research: the outcomes of the bioarchaeological enquiries with special regards to the general health, mobility and the lifestyle of studied populations.

scholarly journals A HALF OF A METAL BIPARTITE MOLD OF THE SEIMA-TURBINO PERIOD FROM THE UPPER IRTYSH REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
A. P. Borodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Irtysh Basin ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Chill Mold ◽  
Bronze Casting ◽  
The Bronze Age

We describe a rare fi nd—part of a Middle Bronze Age bipartite metal chill mold from the Upper Irtysh basin, used for casting three socketed javelin heads of the Seima-Turbino type. The use of metal molds (chill molds) for bronze casting is a sophisticated technique that is rather rare even at the present time. Having originated in the Bronze Age, it was subsequently abandoned for a long time. Chill molds indicate an advanced and effi cient bronze casting. In terms of the gate system, the specimen is a hinged vertically split chill mold. In Eurasia, the technique of casting javelin heads in chill molds was practiced until the Early Iron Age. In Western Siberia, it originated no later than the Middle Bronze Age. At that time, bronze casting in molds made of metal, stone, clay, and organic materials was highly developed. Apparently, the Upper Irtysh basin, including western Altai, was the region from whence prototypical metal molds had spread and were subsequently replicated in less valuable and less technologically effi cient materials such as clay.

scholarly journals Burial Rites at the Frontovoye 3 Cemetery in the Southwest Crimea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Н. Свиридов ◽  
С.В. Язиков
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Funerary Rites ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Central Crimea ◽  
Burial Rite

Статья посвящена характеристике погребального обряда могильника Фронтовое 3, расположенного в 1 км к СЗЗ от с. Фронтовое Нахимовского р на г. Севастополь и полностью исследованного отрядом Крымской новостроечной экспедиции ИА РАН в 2018 г. Вскрыто 13 948 кв. м раскопано 328 погребений конца I IV в. н. э. и 4 эпохи бронзы, в т. ч. 305 подбойных могил, 12 грунтовых склепов, 7 грунтовых ям, 1 погребение в амфоре, 1 захоронение лошади и 2 собаки. Среди особенностей могильника следует выделить значительное преобладание подбойных могил, ориентировку погребенных в юго восточный сектор, присутствие особого типа кремационных погребений, а также соотношение погребальной камеры с входной ямой в грунтовых склепах. Прослеженные на памятнике обряды имеют аналогии в ряде памятников Юго Западного и Центрального Крыма, но сочетание типов обряда и их процентное соотношение во Фронтовом своеобразно. This paper reports on characteristics of funerary rites at Frontovoye 3, which is a cemetery located one kilometer north northwest of the village of Frontovoye in the Nakhimovsky district of Sevastopol which was fully examined by a team of the Crimea salvage expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2018. The area of 13,948 sq. m was excavated 328 graves dating to the end of the 1st 4th centuries and four graves of the Bronze Age, including 305 niche graves, 12 ground vaulted graves, 7 pit graves, 1 jar burial in an amphora, 1 horse grave and 2 dog graves were investigated. The cemetery is characterized by predominance of niche graves, orientation of the deceased to the southeast, presence of a special type of cremated burials and correlation between the burial chamber and the entrance pit in ground vaulted graves. The rites identified at the site have analogies in a number of sites located in the Southwest and Central Crimea however, the combination of the types of burial rite and their percentage ratio at Frontovoye is quite distinctive.

THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF CELTS WITH ON THE SIDE EARS OF THE BOLSHELOZHSKY TYPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
KOVALEVSKY S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
New Research ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article is devoted to the consideration of the origin and dating of celts with on the side ears, which originate from the settlements of the Late Bronze Age and transition time from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Kazakh steppe and south of Western Siberia (some of which are accidental finds) and are identified by most experts to be antiquities of the Sargarinsko-Aleekseyevskaya, Begazy-Dandybayevskaya, Irmenskaya and Bolsherechenskaya cultures. Previously, such celts were dated to the beginning of the first millennium, BC. At present, there have been certain quantitative and qualitative changes. In particular, the fund of archaeological resources for the Late Bronze Age and transition time from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age had been significantly replenished, and new research concepts have appeared. This gave us the opportunity to compare the archaeological finds of the Late Bronze Age of remote regions, namely the Eastern Europe and the Kazakh steppe and south of Western Siberia. A significant similarity was revealed between the celts of the ancient cultures of the Eastern Europe and the region located east of the Urals. It is suggested that the celts with on the side ears are of Eastern Europe origin. Their appearance among the artifacts of archaeological cultures of Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia is dated to the 14th - 11/10th centuries BC. Keywords: late Bronze Age, transition time from Bronze to Iron, celts, south of Western Siberia, eastern Europe

scholarly journals Serhiy Hamchenko (1860–1932): documents and materials from personal archive through the prism of new consideration of creative biography of the scientist

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 424-457
Author(s):  
Andriy Franko ◽  
Oksana Franko
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Museum Studies ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Archive ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Through the prism of the latest, modern review of the scientific and creative biography of Ukrainian archaeologist, historian, ethnologist, publicist, museologist, vice-president of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee (VUAK) of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (VUAN) Serhiy Spyrydonovych (Svyrydovych) Hamchenko his personal archive, which are stored in his personal fund (f. № 3) of the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NA IA NASU) (Kyiv, fund № 3) are researched, analyzed and rethought. Also information is represented (in a broad framework of timeless polylogue of scientists and epochs) about the activities of a tireless scientist from other official archives, manuscript collections, numerous publications of well-known experts in history, archaeology and source studying. Emphasized that archive fund of S. Hamchenko consists mostly of a collection of scientific manuscripts related mainly to archaeological research of sites located in Ukraine and Russia, which are devoted more to organization and conduct of archaeological excavations. There was also found S. Hamchenko’s epistolary, official and report notes on the organization of museum study in Ukraine, works of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee, notebooks, official documents, photographs and other «visual» materials, collections of books, magazines and newspapers, etc. It is confirmed that the significant share of these source studies «papers» has not been published to date. Also the little-known archival materials of S. Hamchenko, which contained in the Scientific Archive of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IA RAS) were processed. On the base of studying of archival and historiographical sources an attempt is made to truthfully, comprehensively, holistically reproduce the socio-biographical aspects and creative features of the chronicle of the life and scientific activity of the extraordinary scholar. It was paid considerable attention to specific, sometimes controversial issues of scientific and source «biography», primarily important prosopographic nuances of adequate, final clarification of the exact dates and places of S. Hamchenko’s birth and death (as well as the establishment of its medical cause). The problem-thematic range of scientific interests of S. Hamchenko is extended from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age to the times of Kyivs’ka Rus’. The scholar have discovered 45 sites of Trypillia culture on the Southern Bugh river, conducted various archeological excavations mainly in Eastern and South-Eastern Volhyn’, Podillya, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovs’k, Kharkiv, Odessa, Bessarabia regions and other places of Ukrainian and Russian territory (Gulf of Finland area near Sestrorets’k near St. Petersburg). It is confirmed that documents and archival materials related to the biography of S. Hamchenko is an integral part of the national cultural heritage and serve as an important authentic, factual source for a full, holistic study of the multifaceted history of archeology, ethnography, ethnology and museum studies in Ukraine at the end of the XIX th century – in the first third of the XX th century. Key words: Serhiy Hamchenko, history of archeology, museum studies, ethnography, local history, ethnology, All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee (VUAK), epistolary, intellectual community.

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