The vocabulary of aviation radiotelephony communication in simulator emergencies and the contradictions in air traffic controller beliefs about language use

<p>This thesis encompasses a mixed methods enquiry into the language used in air traffic control in simulated emergency situations in the United Arab Emirates. The workplaces studied employ pilots and controllers from a diverse range of language backgrounds. This research sets out to answer three questions: 1. What is the technical vocabulary of aviation radiotelephony in emergency training in the simulator? 2. To what extent is technical vocabulary used in radiotelephony in emergency training in the simulator? 3. What factors influence the use of technical vocabulary in speaking? The first part of the study investigates the nature of technical language in aviation radiotelephony. Two spoken corpora were created from recordings of three air traffic controllers from two different workplaces (Ghaf and Sandy aerodromes), undergoing emergency simulator training. Mandated standard phraseology formed a written corpus. Standard phraseology is an international language defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and adopted by governments for use in radiotelephony communication. Quantitative analysis showed that the technical vocabulary in aviation radiotelephony consists of proper nouns, numbers, aviation alphabet, acronyms, technical word types and multiword units. The technical word types included purely technical words e.g. taxiway and cryptotechnical vocabulary (high, medium and low frequency words with a technical meaning (Fraser, 2009)) e.g. approach. Multiword units included ICAO standard phraseology e.g. hold short or subsidiary and local phraseology in the spoken corpora e.g. Do you have any question (subsidiary) and engine start approved (local). The second part of the study examines sources of difference in language use by controllers. Technical vocabulary coverage differed between the spoken corpora at 70.52% for Ghaf Aerodrome and 51.61% for Sandy Aerodrome. Two explanations for this were: differences in the purpose of emergency training in each aerodrome; and differences in linguistic style by the Sandy controller which was established through keyword analysis. Interviews with nine controllers established further factors which are likely to affect the use of technical vocabulary in radiotelephony communication including: communication styles of native English speakers (NES) and non-native English speakers (NNES). Further examination of interview data also revealed contradictory beliefs underlying language use by controllers. Their beliefs diverge around the role of standard phraseology, its use (or not) in emergencies and the value of language training for emergencies. This divergence reflects the contradictions in definitions of standard phraseology and plain language in the literature. Differences in language use can lead to frequent miscommunication and the need for clarification of meaning in these UAE workplaces. The present study makes two contributions to the significant body of research on aviation radiotelephony. The first is an Aviation Radiotelephony Word and Number List. It is used to clarify the role of technical vocabulary and plain language in radiotelephony and to show how the technical vocabulary coverage of radiotelephony communication, in an extract from the simulator emergency training and another extract from an ICAO document, is high compared to other professions. Second, a Model of Controller Beliefs and Outcomes is presented and suggests a way to interpret divergent language outcomes in radiotelephony. The model summarises two contradictory sets of controller beliefs about standard phraseology, language in emergencies, and training. Further, the language and training outcomes reflect those beliefs. The investigation concludes with implications for training and testing in aviation for ab initio and experienced controllers. The corpora, word and number list and model all provide useful tools for the training and testing needs in these UAE workplaces. The chapter concludes with limitations of the study and future research directions.</p>

The vocabulary of aviation radiotelephony communication in simulator emergencies and the contradictions in air traffic controller beliefs about language use

<p>This thesis encompasses a mixed methods enquiry into the language used in air traffic control in simulated emergency situations in the United Arab Emirates. The workplaces studied employ pilots and controllers from a diverse range of language backgrounds. This research sets out to answer three questions: 1. What is the technical vocabulary of aviation radiotelephony in emergency training in the simulator? 2. To what extent is technical vocabulary used in radiotelephony in emergency training in the simulator? 3. What factors influence the use of technical vocabulary in speaking? The first part of the study investigates the nature of technical language in aviation radiotelephony. Two spoken corpora were created from recordings of three air traffic controllers from two different workplaces (Ghaf and Sandy aerodromes), undergoing emergency simulator training. Mandated standard phraseology formed a written corpus. Standard phraseology is an international language defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and adopted by governments for use in radiotelephony communication. Quantitative analysis showed that the technical vocabulary in aviation radiotelephony consists of proper nouns, numbers, aviation alphabet, acronyms, technical word types and multiword units. The technical word types included purely technical words e.g. taxiway and cryptotechnical vocabulary (high, medium and low frequency words with a technical meaning (Fraser, 2009)) e.g. approach. Multiword units included ICAO standard phraseology e.g. hold short or subsidiary and local phraseology in the spoken corpora e.g. Do you have any question (subsidiary) and engine start approved (local). The second part of the study examines sources of difference in language use by controllers. Technical vocabulary coverage differed between the spoken corpora at 70.52% for Ghaf Aerodrome and 51.61% for Sandy Aerodrome. Two explanations for this were: differences in the purpose of emergency training in each aerodrome; and differences in linguistic style by the Sandy controller which was established through keyword analysis. Interviews with nine controllers established further factors which are likely to affect the use of technical vocabulary in radiotelephony communication including: communication styles of native English speakers (NES) and non-native English speakers (NNES). Further examination of interview data also revealed contradictory beliefs underlying language use by controllers. Their beliefs diverge around the role of standard phraseology, its use (or not) in emergencies and the value of language training for emergencies. This divergence reflects the contradictions in definitions of standard phraseology and plain language in the literature. Differences in language use can lead to frequent miscommunication and the need for clarification of meaning in these UAE workplaces. The present study makes two contributions to the significant body of research on aviation radiotelephony. The first is an Aviation Radiotelephony Word and Number List. It is used to clarify the role of technical vocabulary and plain language in radiotelephony and to show how the technical vocabulary coverage of radiotelephony communication, in an extract from the simulator emergency training and another extract from an ICAO document, is high compared to other professions. Second, a Model of Controller Beliefs and Outcomes is presented and suggests a way to interpret divergent language outcomes in radiotelephony. The model summarises two contradictory sets of controller beliefs about standard phraseology, language in emergencies, and training. Further, the language and training outcomes reflect those beliefs. The investigation concludes with implications for training and testing in aviation for ab initio and experienced controllers. The corpora, word and number list and model all provide useful tools for the training and testing needs in these UAE workplaces. The chapter concludes with limitations of the study and future research directions.</p>

Application of Augmented Reality Technology and Artificial Intelligence Satellite Communication Equipment in Power Grid Emergency Training

In recent years, more and more fast-developing high and new technologies have gradually penetrated into the power grid emergency of satellite communication equipment training, and Augmented Reality (AR) technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are one of them. The power communication network is an important means to ensure the safety, stability, and economic operation of the power grid, and it is also an important infrastructure for the entire power grid. Power grid emergency training is particularly important for improving the ability to respond to emergencies. The purpose of this article is to study the application of AR technology and AI satellite communication equipment in power grid emergency training. This article first analyzes the demand for training content of power grid emergency training for satellite communication equipment training. Through questionnaire surveys and interviews with relevant experts and emergency rescue teams, it summarizes the training content suitable for the application of AR technology and AI technology for power grid emergency. Then, by introducing the key technologies of the power grid emergency training of satellite communication equipment training, the application of AR technology and AI in the power grid emergency training of satellite communication equipment training is completed. The training effect data shows that 68% think that the training can improve the motivation of training by using this technology, 74% think that the overall effect of the training is good, and 66.3% think that the skill improvement effect is good, which verifies that the technology is used in power grid emergency training. It is worth promoting.

Application of Augmented Reality (AR) Technology in Power Grid Emergency Training

Strong reality has been applied to training operations, and the use of virtual and augmented reality in aerospace, manufacturing and shipbuilding industries has yielded significant results. This paper mainly studies the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in power grid emergency training. This paper designs and implements an intelligent operation and maintenance system based on mobile augmented reality under the Android operating system. Augmented reality technology is applied to substation equipment operation and maintenance. Through the design and development of modules such as data management, equipment identification, holographic display of equipment information, integrated management and remote assistance, the application of Augmented Reality technology in substation equipment operation and maintenance is realized. Based on augmented reality and identification technology, the auxiliary information is transmitted to the intelligent terminal display of field operators in real time to assist the power grid emergency training and improve efficiency.

Application of Augmented Reality (AR) Technology in Low-Voltage Line Interruption Training and Power Grid Emergency Training

Augmented reality technology uses computer performance to create a virtual scene and accurately integrate the virtual scene with the real world, and finally uses a video projector to present the virtual and real scene to the user, thereby significantly improving the user’s visual experience and Feeling knowledge. Therefore, augmented reality technology can be well applied to training companies. The use of virtual reality and augmented reality technology in the aerospace, construction and shipbuilding industries has achieved remarkable results, and the era of augmented reality applications in the power grid has also arrived. With the development of mobile terminals such as mobile phones, it has become an excellent platform for augmented reality applications. This article focuses on the application of augmented reality (AR) technology in low-voltage line interruption training and network emergency training. First, the basic technology of augmented reality (AR) and the application of augmented reality (AR) in power grid emergency training are introduced using bibliographic research methods. Then design a network emergency training system for low-voltage disconnection training, and finally test the algorithm used in this article. The detection result shows that the detection of feature points using AGAST takes less than 3ms, while the Shi-Tomasi operator is about 20ms. It can be seen that the use of AGAST operator to detect feature points has a great improvement in speed.

Exploring Simulation-Based Virtual Reality as a Mock-Up Tool to Support the Design of First Responders Training

Intervention by First Responders (FRs) is essential in disaster response, and their preparation greatly benefits from continuous updates. However, the design of effective training experiences targeted to FRs can be very demanding from the viewpoint of a Training Provisioner (TP). Virtual Reality (VR) may have a key role to play in enhancing and facilitating this task. In fact, VR technology has already proven to be very helpful in the field of emergency training, as well as its use as a powerful design and mock-up tool in many other contexts. In this work, the application of VR as a mock-up tool supporting TPs in the arrangement and validation of a training experience, either real or virtual, is explored. In particular, a case study is considered concerning the training of an FR for hydro-geological risks. Within this context, the proposed approach is compared against dramaturgy prototyping, a method commonly used for the design of experiential courses. Results indicate that the adoption of a VR-based mock-up tool (VRMT) can provide TPs with good insights on the arrangement of the training and precious indications on how to actually map this information onto real-world exercises.