Readability of packaging of medicinal products available without prescription as assessed by older consumers

The labeling of the medicinal product packaging plays an important role in communication between entities placing the product on the market and its potential buyers. Moreover, the correct labeling of the packaging can protect the life and health of patient consumers. Due to the above, the labeling of the packaging of a medicinal product is subject to numerous legal regulations and has become the subject of consideration of many scientists. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the readability of the packaging of over-the-counter medicinal products as assessed by older consumers. The research was carried out using a questionnaire throughout Poland. 400 respondents took part in the survey aged 60 and over.

Perception of cosmetics quality in China – comparison between young and older consumers

Purpose The aim of the paper is to explore how Chinese consumers perceive the quality of cosmetics products and if the Chinese youth differs in the perception from older generations. The paper fills the current research gap in revealing which intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are the most and least associated with cosmetic products’ quality by young and older Chinese consumers. It also inquiries about how other selected factors (e.g. type of store, store’s trade name, the use of influencers, etc.) contribute to the perceived quality of cosmetic products. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected from 423 Chinese respondents by an online questionnaire in their native language. Statistical tests of independence, correlation and cluster analysis were applied to reveal the relationships between variables. Findings The highest number of statistically significant dependencies of meritorious variables was associated with age groups of young and older consumers, thus suggesting greater differences in quality perception between younger and older Chinese generations. The paper also confirms that intrinsic cues prevail over extrinsic when consumers evaluate the quality of cosmetic products. Practical implications The results deepen the understanding of the current preferences of Chinese consumers of cosmetic products when assessing the quality of cosmetics and represent a solid basis for further research. Moreover, they may help companies from the cosmetics industry better comprehend how different categories of people determine cosmetic products’ quality. Originality/value The paper uses a large convenience sample of respondents from different Chinese regions and points to several differences between younger and older generations of Chinese consumers of cosmetics.

Functional food consumption among older consumers in Malaysia: a Health Belief Model perspective

PurposeFunctional foods and their association with health benefits and disease risk reduction open a promising possibility for consumers to pursue a healthier lifestyle and extend their life expectancy. This study aims to investigate the effect of perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers and intention to consume functional food among older consumers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from Malaysian older consumers using a structured questionnaire. A total of 250 usable questionnaires were used for final data analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the collected data.FindingsThe results show that perceived barriers and cue to action significantly affect older consumers' intention to consume functional foods. Nevertheless, perceived susceptibility does not influence older consumers' intention to consume functional food.Originality/valueThis study broadens our understanding of older consumers' intention to consume functional food. Importantly, the present study is one of the first studies that extend the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in the context of functional food consumption. The findings of the study provide pragmatic insights for both practitioners and researchers.