scholarly journals Readability of packaging of medicinal products available without prescription as assessed by older consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 08-14
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Grzybek
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Older Consumers ◽  
The Subject

The labeling of the medicinal product packaging plays an important role in communication between entities placing the product on the market and its potential buyers. Moreover, the correct labeling of the packaging can protect the life and health of patient consumers. Due to the above, the labeling of the packaging of a medicinal product is subject to numerous legal regulations and has become the subject of consideration of many scientists. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the readability of the packaging of over-the-counter medicinal products as assessed by older consumers. The research was carried out using a questionnaire throughout Poland. 400 respondents took part in the survey aged 60 and over.

Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Elections

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.

Legal Regulation of Treatment for Depression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Series
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Mental Capacity Act 2005 ◽  
Incapacitated Patients ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
Over The Counter Medicines

This chapter reviews the legal regulation of treatment of depression as it exists in England and Wales, where medicinal products are regulated largely by the Medicines Act 1988 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. The Medicines Act divides medicinal products into pharmacy only medicines, which can only be purchased under the supervision of a pharmacist, over-the-counter medicines, and prescription only medicines. The Misuse of Drugs Act is concerned with controlled drugs. These are divided into three classes according to their perceived degree of harmfulness. This chapter considers treatment with valid consent and two pieces of legislation that govern people who are sufficiently ill and need to be admitted to hospital: the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). It also discusses treatment of mentally incapacitated patients and the issue of liberty regarding the admission of a compliant but incapacitated patient to hospital. Finally, it looks at three types of non-medical prescribing in England, issued by independent prescribers, supplementary prescribers, and community practitioners.

scholarly journals Reviewing judicial precedent No. 74.2.12-597 of general board of Iran’s supreme court

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Parviz Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Judicial Procedures

According to legal regulations, endorsers of a commercial document hold severally liable against its holder; and in this regard the holder too has some duties to perform. Among these duties, after the demand and protest for non-payment in legal time is litigation within a certain legal time. There are different opinions regarding inclusion of the guarantors in article 286 of Iran’s trade law and judicial procedures are also divided and vary, and according to some rulings of some branches of Iran’s Supreme Court, the guarantor is included in the subject of article 286 while some of the branches consider it outside of the article 286 subject. This difference resulted in the issuance of judicial precedent no. 597 on 1995 May 2nd which rules on the exclusion of the guarantor in the subject of article 286 inclusion. In this paper, along with reviewing the ruling, the guarantor inclusion-exclusion cases in the subject and ruling of article 286 of the Iran’s trade law is determined.

scholarly journals Tax Sanctions as the Institutions Conditioning Efficiency of Collecting Tax Information – Limits of Legal Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Paweł Majka
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

<p>The subject of the study is to outline the boundaries within the legislator may sanction the obligations to provide information to tax authorities using tax sanctions. The author analyzes tax sanctions as instruments guaranteeing the effectiveness of legal norms related to information obligations in the light of the protection of the taxpayer’s rights. In the author’s opinion, there is a clear outline of the possible shape of the sanction, which limits the legislator in excessive interference with the rights of taxpayers. These limits, both in national and international law, are determined primarily by the principle of proportionality, which is decisive for the degree of discomfort associated with the application of sanctions. It should be indicated that the shape limits of these sanctions, characterized in this study, guarantee, in turn, the protection of the rights of these entities. At the same time, it should be emphasized that tax sanctions are, in principle, a complementary element of the system of the guarantees of the law effectiveness and the legislator deciding on their wider use should properly balance the degree of “saturation” of tax law with sanctions taking into account its nature.</p>

scholarly journals Teoretyczne założenia crowdfundingu oraz jego regulacje prawne w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Michał Biela
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Desk Research

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja założeń teoretycznych oraz praktycznej implementacji koncepcji alternatywnych źródeł finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów formalno-prawnych crowdfundingu. Artykuł składa się z trzech części: w pierwszej opisano założenia definicyjne i koncepcyjne crowdfundingu, w drugiej przedstawiono propozycję zmiany ram regulacyjnych finansowania społecznościowego, przygotowanych przez instytucje Unii Europejskiej, natomiast trzecia zawiera uregulowania prawne finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce. W artykule jako metodę badawczą zastosowano desk research, której implementacja umożliwiła analizę istniejącej literatury przedmiotu. Theoretical assumptions of crowdfunding and its legal regulations in the European Union and in PolandThe aim of this article is to present the theoretical assumptions and practical implementation of the concept of alternative sources of funding in Poland and in the European Union, with emphasis on the formal and legal aspects of crowdfunding. The article consists of three parts. The first part describes the definition and conceptual assumptions of crowdfunding. The second part presents a proposal to change the crowdfunding regulatory framework at the European Union level. The third part includes legal regulations for crowdfunding in Poland. In the article, desk research was used as a research method, the implementation of which enabled the analysis of the existing literature on the subject.

scholarly journals Product, Medicinal Product, Basic Patent: The Relationship of Concepts in Regulation 469/2009 Overlooked by the CJEU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szczepanowska-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Supplementary Protection Certificate ◽  
Basic Patent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThe CJEU Santen judgment defined the concept of a product for the purposes of Regulation 469/2009 on the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products (Regulation (EC) No. 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 concerning the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products (Codified version), [2009] OJ L152/1, as last amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/933 of 20 May 2019, [2019] OJ L153/1). Leaving aside the practical implications of this judgment in terms of the possibility of obtaining a supplementary protection certificate for a product protected by a patent for a second or further medical application (“application patent”), it is worth considering the reasoning the Court relies on to arrive at the thesis it formulates. While the Court’s response and the resulting impact will be treated differently depending on whether the actual extension of patent protection in the pharmaceutical industry is assessed as appropriate and desirable or whether the justification for said protection is questioned, the manner in which the provisions of Regulation 469/2009 are proposed to be interpreted raises doubts as to whether the final outcome of the interpretation is correct.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT BEBAS DAN OBAT BEBAS TERBATAS UNTUK SWAMEDIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT RW 8 MOROBANGUN JOGOTIRTO BERBAH SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ana Hidayati ◽  
Haafizah Dania ◽  
Murtyk Dyahajeng Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
The People ◽  
Subject Characteristic ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

Currently, there are developed illnesses that encourage humans to do their own alternative medication. In 2002, an estimated shows that 92% of people in the world choose the alternative medication namely self medication, by using over the counter medicine including free and limited, however the level of knowledge in using this medication is still poor, then it is possible to make a mistake. Therefore, this research aims to find out the level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08, Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study belongs to descriptive observational to find out the subject characteristic, the level of knowledge and the description of the kind of medicine used by society of RW 08 Morobangun. The sample used in this study is the people who lived in Rw 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The data was taken from the interview with the patient by using the questionnaire. The sample collecting technique was nonrandom sampling and the method was accidental sampling with the number of the respondents were 175. The result showed that 175 respondents in RW 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta used self medication of over the counter medicine including free and limited only for their ailment. The level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08 Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta showed that 42.9% reached the good category and 57,1% reached the sufficient category of 175 respondents. The conclusion of this study is the level of knowledge in using over the counter medicine including free and limited for self medication of society in RW 08 showed that most of the respondents achieved the sufficient category with 100 respondents (57,1%).

OPTIMIZING THE QUALITY OF CUSTOMER SERVICE IN PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Filina I.A. ◽  
Ustinova L.P. ◽  
Fomicheva S.I.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Operational Procedure ◽  
International Nonproprietary Name ◽  
At Home

By surveying clients of pharmacy organizations, we've analyzed quality of service. It was found that pharmaceu-tical specialists do not always inform pharmacy visitors about the regimen and doses of the drug (MP), the rules for storing it at home, and about interactions with other drugs; most buyers find it difficult to answer the question of what is the International Nonproprietary Name of a Medicinal Product (INN) and how synonyms and ana-logues differ from each other; visitors to pharmacies are not always provided with information about the availa-bility of medicinal products from different manufacturers and medicinal products with different prices; in most cas-es, if the secondary packaging is violated, the pharmacy customers are not given instructions (a copy of the in-structions) on the use of the dispensed drug. A standard operational procedure "Order of realization of medicines without a prescription" was developed on the basis of received data.

A ‘Suntan’ in capsules - orobronze

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Healthy Activity ◽  
Product Licence

To some people a suntan is an indicator of healthy activity and social prowess. Canthaxanthin is a naturally occurring orange carotenoid without vitamin A properties made by Hoffmann-La Roche and used, for example, as a food additive to improve the colour of farmed salmon. It is now also available over the counter as 30 mg oral capsules (Orobronze - De Witt) for people to dye themselves an orange-brown colour. The DHSS has not issued a product licence for Orobronze because it is ‘not a medicinal product’.

scholarly journals Food Origin Traceability from a Consumer’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Walaszczyk ◽  
Barbara Galińska
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Food Traceability ◽  
Product Features ◽  
The Subject

The awareness of food origin in the consumers’ perspective has gradually become more significant not only in reference to consumers from highly developed countries but also from emerging ones, which are already on their way from a developing to developed economy. The purpose of the paper is to answer the research question by verifying four hypotheses formulated in the research process. The research question is: "Do the variables which characterize consumers of food products in Poland, including gender, age, education and financial status, affect the aspects related to food traceability, such as identification of the producer, importance of food product features when shopping, importance of the information given on food product packaging and influence of the shopping place and frequency on tracing the food origin?" The paper presents the results, analysis, and conclusions from the study in reference to the four assumed hypotheses related to the above-mentioned research question. The study was carried out on a group of 500 consumers of food products in Poland. The study topic selection is justified by the assumed significance of tracing back a food product’s origin for a consumer who functions in a globalization-based economy; this was confirmed by the subject literature presented in the paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document