Publisher Correction: Bioactivities of Allium longicuspis Regel against anthracnose of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)

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Bioactivities of Allium longicuspis Regel against anthracnose of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)

The present study focused on the effect of Allium longicuspis extracts (ALE) against anthracnose of mango fruit. In vitro tests (mycelial growth and conidial germination) showed that, ALE concentrated from 0.75 to 2.5 g L−1 completely inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Cytoplasmic discharge, mycelial and conidial blasts were clearly observed when applied with ALE. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of ALE at 0.75 g L1 can be applied as protective, curative and simultaneous treatment in mango fruit to inhibit the anthracnose infection. Efficacy of garlic extract was relatively superior to synthetic fungicide based on protective, curative and simultaneous treatments. Twenty chemical components were detected in ALE based on GCMS analysis (Table 1). The six major components were the following: oleyl alcohol, methyl ether (42.04%), γ-sitosterol (15.85%), , 24-norursa-3.12-diene (5.62%), 1-octadecanol methyl ether (4.23%), n-pentadecanol (3.95%) and 2-vinyl-4h-1 3-dithiine (3.76%). The findings support the potential use of ALE as an alternative to synthetic fungicide.

Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir., Allium longicuspis Regel, Allium scorodoprasum L. при интродукции в Республике Башкортостан

Род Allium L. — один из крупнейших и широко распространенных среди сосудистых растений земного шара. По современным данным, он объединяет 750 – 800 видов, распространенных в Северном полушарии. На территории России и сопредельных государств насчитывается 332 вида этого рода. Целью исследований, проводимых в Республике Башкортостан, было выявление устойчивых и перспективных для культивирования в регионе Южного Урала видов луков. В Башкортостане встречается 16 видов луков. В статье приведены сведения о биологии 3 видов рода Allium: A. galanthum, A. longicuspis, A. scorodoprasum, интродуцированных в Уфимском ботаническом саду. Изучены морофология, сезонный ритм роста и развития, плодоношение, возможности размножения и интродукционная устойчивость. В условиях культуры A. galanthum образует хорошо выполненные, крупные семена, высокого качества. Размножается семенами и вегетативно. Масса 1000 семян — 3,36 г. Коэффициент вегетативного размножения составляет 2,5. У A. longicuspis и A. scorodoprasum цветки бесплодные, семена не завязываются, у них в соцветиях образуются бульбочки (воздушные луковички). A. longicuspis и A. scorodoprasum размножаются только вегетативно — бульбочками, а также подземными луковицами. Исследованные луки проходят все стадии жизненного цикла, устойчивы в культуре. По результатам оценки успешности интродукции, для которой использованы методики ГБС РАН, исследованные луки оценены как очень перспективные (сумма баллов 19 – 21), они рекомендованы для выращивания в регионе Южного Урала в качестве пищевых растений. Предлагаемые виды рода Allium (A. galanthum, A. longicuspis, A. scorodoprasum) дополняют и расширяют ассортимент культивируемых пищевых и декоративных растений, а введение редких видов в культуру позволит сохранить их биоразнообразие.

(8) Summary of Fertility Characteristics of the USDA Garlic Collection When Grown in Pullman, Washington

The USDA garlic (Allium sativum and Allium longicuspis) collection is maintained at the ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in Pullman, Wash. This collection comprises 269 accessions, of which 153 are hardneck (flower producing) types. The fertility characteristics of these accessions was evaluated in the field at Pullman, Wash. After the spathes opened, bulbils were removed from all the evaluated accessions to facilitate flower development. The umbel and flower characteristics taken were anther color, flower color, flower shape, stigma position, flowers per umbel, umbel diameter, umbel shape, umbel defects, bulbil size, bulbil color, ease of bulbil removal, spathe opening, pollen production, and pollen viability. Of the 153 accessions, 10 produced only partial scapes with bulbils midstalk and no seed production capability. Viable pollen was shed in 85 accessions with viability ranging from 8% to 85%. Open-pollinated seed was generated by 19 of the Pullman, Wash., grown accessions. Seed production was low with yields from 6 to 91 seeds per accession.

Genetic Diversity among U.S. Garlic Clones as Detected Using AFLP Methods

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been clonally propagated for thousands of years because it does not produce seed under standard cultivation conditions. A single garlic accession frequently displays a high degree of phenotypic plasticity that is likely to be dependent upon soil type, moisture, latitude, altitude, and cultural practices. The diversity observed by collectors has occasionally led to the renaming of varieties as they are exchanged among growers and gardeners. As a result, there are numerous garlic varieties available both commercially and within the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) that may be identical genotypically, yet have unique cultivar names. To address this possibility, we performed amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis on a comprehensive selection of 211 Allium sativum and Allium longicuspis accessions from NPGS and commercial sources. We used several statistical approaches to evaluate how these clonal lineages are genetically differentiated and how these patterns of differentiation correspond to recognized phenotypic classifications. These data suggest that while there are extensive duplications within the surveyed accessions, parsimony and distance based analyses reveal substantial diversity that is largely consistent with major phenotypic classes.

Classification of Genetic Variation in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Revealed by RAPD

RAPD analysis was employed to assess genetic variation in named cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.), and to examine the relationships between cultivated garlic varieties and the wild progenitor Allium longicuspis. Twenty-seven accessions were subjected to RAPD analysis using 26 oligonucleotide primers. Of a total of 292 bands, 63 (21%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis revealed groupings that in part reflected patterns of morphological variation. All bolting forms (including wild and cultivated) grouped separately from the nonbolting cultivars. A. longicuspis and var. ophioscorodon grouped together, indicating close taxonomic affinity. Based upon relative levels of variation within different groups, we suggest potential relationships within the A. sativum/A. longicuspis complex.