The Development of Wheeled Transportation in Osun Division of Southwestern Nigeria, 1900-1960

Wheeled transportation constituted a single factor that facilitated the incorporation of various African communities into the Europeans’ mercantile economy. In fact, it was an innovation in Africa where people had relied on some navigable waterways in the coastal areas, park animals in the tsetse flies free areas like Northern Nigeria and trekking along foot paths where human head porterage predominated. However, with the advent of the wheeled transportation technology, economic horizon became broader as people were provided with more profitable endeavors to engage themselves with. This essay attempts to analyze the development of wheeled transportation as a factor that was fundamental to the new developments in colonial Osun Division of Southwestern Nigeria. This is in a view to examine the diplomacies that surrounded road and rail construction in the division, Western Regional Government initiatives and the implications of the transportation technology on the divisional economy. The study depends on oral data gathered through interviews and archival materials as well as literatures that were considered relevant to the subject matter. Considering the shift of attention to the production of cash crops which were more profitable compared to the food crops, availability of new jobs as a result of the movement of the trading firms into the division and massive emigration of able bodied men and women in search of 78 Abiodun Ajayi more profitable jobs. There is therefore no doubt that wheeled transportation technology occasioned a transformation that was unprecedented in the colonial economy of Osun Division.

A prospective study of myoconjunctival enucleation for enhanced implant motility

Background: After enucleation rehabilitation and cosmesis remain the nemesis of an enophthalmic socket, the cosmetic goal is to replace the lost volume of the socket and to restore natural appearance and movement with an artificial eye. The aim of this is to determine implant motility after myoconjunctival enucleation technique.Methods: The study was conducted in 35 patients who underwent myoconjuctival enucleation at M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad from the period November 2019 to December 2021. Simple random sampling method was used and subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated on 1st post-operative day, 1st week, 4th week and 12th week of surgery. Post-operative results were compared on the follow-ups in terms of motility index.Results: Average motility index (sum of medial movement, lateral movement, upward movement and downward movement divided by 4) of the 35 patients measured after first week of surgery was 3.2 mm, which was 3.21 mm in 4th week and at 12th week it was 3.23 mm.Conclusions: In contrast to conventional enucleation technique, in myoconjunctival enucleation technique each rectus is sutured to the respective fornix thus preventing stretching, increasing implant stability and motility. Thus it is considered procedure of choice in primary enucleation.

Polyphase Deformation of the High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks along the Neusspruit Shear Zone in the Kakamas Domain: Insights into the Processes during the Namaquan Orogeny at the Eastern Margin of the Namaqua Metamorphic Province, South Africa

The central part of the Namaqua Metamorphic Province was subjected to intense deformation under high-grade metamorphic conditions up to granulite facies, but also shows greenschist facies overprints denoting the metamorphic nature during the 1.2–1.0 Ga Namaquan Orogeny. This study examines the structural development of the central Kakamas Domain of the eastern Namaqua Metamorphic Province, which has not been extensively studied previously. The compressional orogenic phase is associated with D1 and D2 deformation events during which northeast–southwest-directed shortening resulted in southwest-directed thrusting illustrated by an intra-domain thrust and southwest-verging isoclinal folds. The post-tectonic Friersdale Charnockite of the Keimoes Suite is emplaced during the D3 deformation event. Late reactivation of the intra-domain thrust in the Kakamas Domain to form the Neusspruit Shear Zone during the D4 event is of a monoclinic nature and is described as a deeply rooted structure with shear direction towards the east. This structure, together with the more local Neusberg Thrust Fault, forms part of an intensely flattened narrow basin in the eastern Namaqua Metamorphic Province. Strain and vorticity indices suggest a transpressional shearing across the Neusspruit Shear Zone and adjacent regions probably initiated during the reactivation of the intra-domain thrust. The ~1.2 to 1.8 km-wide, northwest–southeast striking dextral-dominated Neusspruit Shear Zone constitutes a western regional boundary for the supracrustal Korannaland Group and is composed of steep, narrow zones of relatively high strain, characterised by ductile deformation and penetrative strain.

The tribe Cnodalonini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae) from Maharashtra with two new records

The tenebrionidae collections of Western Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India Pune were identified. The species identified as Promethis brevicornis (Westwood, 1842) and Gebienocamaria girardi Masumoto, 1993 and collected from Sangli District and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, Satara, respectively constitute a new record for Maharashtra State.

“Norm Subsidiarity” or “Norm Diffusion”?

Cybercrime has been a contentious issue among security actors, vis-à-vis the extent to which international cooperation may be fostered to respond to the accelerating incidence of cyber-attacks. This paper contrasts between the cyber-governance approaches adopted by two non-Western regional organizations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Gulf Cooperation Council, over the past decade. Considering their similar institutional origins, Most Similar Systems Design methodology was employed to assess how ASEAN and GCC have distinctly responded to cybercrime. It considers the dynamics of the digital divide — a divide which is exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic — and in which ASEAN and the GCC are challenged to bolster their cyber-capabilities. Findings reveal that GCC increasingly diffuses norms of international cooperation to tackle cybercrime. By contrast, ASEAN embodies cyber norms which regulate behavior along the lines of intra-regional cooperation, wherein norms of international cooperation are rendered subsidiary to norms of regional autonomy.

Sounding like a father: The influence of regional dialect on perceptions of masculinity and fatherhood

Previous work on the Osaka dialect (OD) collectively suggests that this western regional variant of Japanese is associated with informality, masculinity, and affective fatherhood—social meanings that can be recruited in the construction of audio-visual media personas. This study examines the use of OD by one protagonist in the film Soshite chichi ni naru/Like father, like son, as well as the social meanings that listeners attribute to this variety of Japanese. Specifically, we ask two questions: (i) to what extent is the production of OD in the film recognizable to native speakers of Japanese, and (ii) what qualities do Japanese language users attribute to OD? A dialect recognition experiment found low recognizability of OD but high recognizability of a general ‘nonstandard Japanese’ language variety. Qualitative data revealed that Japanese language users perceived OD to index various characteristics including that of a masculine, affective father. (Perception, dialect, fatherhood, Osaka dialect, indexicality)*