scholarly journals PERBAIKAN SISTEM KERJA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PAJANAN XYLENE PEKERJA KILANG MINYAK XYZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Yusita Attaqwa ◽  
Manik Mahachandra ◽  
Heru Prastawa
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test

Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina) mengoperasikan beberapa kilang minyak di dalam negeri. Operasi dan proses di kilang minyak terdapat bahan kimia dalam bensin, maka penting untuk mengukur konsentrasi xylena, melihat mana yang mempengaruhi dan memberikan perbaikan desain untuk tindakan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja yang tepat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 16 pekerja yang memiliki risiko terpapar xylene lebih tinggi. Tata cara pengambilan dan analisis sampel mengacu pada Gastec 122DL. Pengujian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis fakta menggunakan uji beda dan uji pembeda. Pekerja pada pekerja kilang minyak yang terpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsentrasi paparan xylene adalah usia (U = 13,329), praktik K3 (U = 26,124), penggunaan APD (U = 9,042), kebiasaan merokok (U = 85), jumlah bensin yang tersedia (U = 0,891) dan instalasi (U = 18,032). Rancangan perbaikan yang dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka pendek adalah penggunaan APD dan berdiri berlawanan arah angin.Abstract[Improvement on Working System Based on Xylene Exposure Analysis on Employee of  Oil Refinery XYZ] The State Oil and Gas Mining Company (Pertamina) operates several oil refineries in the country. Operations and processes at oil refinery contain chemicals in gasoline. So, it is important to measure the concentration of xylene concentration, see which affects and provide design improvements for appropriate occupational health and safety measures. Sampling was carried out on 16 workers who had a higher risk of xylene exposure. The procedure for taking and analyzing samples refers to Gastec 122DL. The test used to analyze the facts uses the difference test and display test. Workers at oil refinery. Workers who have a significant effect on the concentration of xylene exposure are age (U = 13,329), K3 practice (U = 26,124), use of PPE (U = 9,042), smoking habits (U = 85), the amount of gasoline available (U = 0.891) and installation (U = 18.032). The design of improvements that can be realized in the short term is the use of PPE and standing in opposite directions the wind.Keywords: exposure analysis; repair work system; Xylene.

scholarly journals A successful 3-D seismic survey over Bahrain Island

GeoArabia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-672
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Postel ◽  
Abdul Nabi Mukhtar ◽  
Philippe Feugère
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Environmental constraints are critical issues for land seismic operations and require the development of appropriate equipment and methods. In 1998, Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG) acquired and processed seamless seismic data on behalf of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco) from a complex field on the Island of Bahrain. The operation ran smoothly in spite of the difficulty of working amongst pipelines, wells, and other oil and gas installations; scarps and sabkhas; urban areas; a zoo, golf course, and racecourse; an oil refinery and aluminum smelter; and other industrial and commercial facilities. The survey deployed a wide range of recording equipment including two sets of vibrators and a combination of radio and cable telemetry recording systems, and a fleet-management system. The successful completion of the survey was achieved through dedicated teamwork. The key elements were as follows: (1) collecting the correct baseline information; (2) detailed planning of the timeframe, human and material resources, adaptation of acquisition techniques to varying circumstances, and health and safety requirements; (3) continuous monitoring of external conditions and the impact of the operation on the environment, in full consultation with the appropriate authorities; (4) maximum flexibility in the field operations so as to allow for changing conditions and unforeseen events; and (5) close partnership between CGG and Bapco at all stages of the project. A joint CGG/Bapco team designed sophisticated processing methods, with top priority being given to the numerous surface heterogeneities. In particular, the recording of an intensive up-hole survey allowed a dedicated team at CGG in France to compute a robust subsurface model and a precise set of primary statics. Seven velocity layers from the Quaternary sandstone to the base of the calcareous and dolomitic Eocene were mapped. These showed significant lateral and vertical velocity variations within identified geological units. Surface-consistent signal processing with calibration to well data was used to compensate for the variations. Other critical processing steps included detailed velocity control, the application of dip moveout routines with acquisition-irregularity-compensation schemes, Radon demultiples and 3-D algorithms, designed for optimal de-noising and imaging. These combined efforts led to the delivery of a final 3-D migrated block. As a result, a complete reinterpretation of the area was possible that significantly increased the estimated recoverable oil reserves (particularly by-passed oil) in the Awali field.

POTENSI HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata, Sturt) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKET TEKNOLOGI PUPUK DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH

Jurnal BiBieT ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Surtinah Surtinah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Treatment Design ◽  
Fertilizer Technology

<p>Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui paket teknologi yang memberikan produksi jagung manis varietas Master Sweet yang terbaik.  Rancangan Perlakuan yang diuji adalah paket teknologi pupuk Bio Extrim dan ZPT Hormax yang terdiri dari delapan taraf, dan rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan uji beda rata-rata perlakuan DMRT pada p 0.5.    Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa paket teknologi dengan pemberian Hormax tanpa Bio Extrim menghasilkan kadar gula yang terbaik.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>The aim of the research was to find out the technology package that gives the best Sweet Sweet varieties production. The treatment design tested was the Bio Extreme fertilizer technology package and the Hormax ZPT consisting of eight levels, and the environmental design used was a complete randomized design with the difference test of the average DMRT treatment at p 0.5. The results showed that the technology package with Hormax without Bio Extreme resulted in the best sugar content</em></p>

scholarly journals Occupational Health and Safety Measures in German Outpatient Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
Mara Shirin Hetzmann ◽  
Natascha Mojtahedzadeh ◽  
Albert Nienhaus ◽  
Volker Harth ◽  
Stefanie Mache
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Company Doctor

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, outpatient caregivers are exposed to new serious health threats at work. To protect their health, effective occupational health and safety measures (OHSM) are necessary. Outpatient caregivers (n = 15) participated in semi-structured telephone interviews in May/June 2020 (1) to examine the pandemic-related OHSM that have been implemented in their outpatient care services, as well as (2) to identify their corresponding unmet needs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed by using qualitative content analysis in accordance with Mayring. Available OHSM in outpatient care services described by outpatient caregivers mainly included personal protective equipment (PPE) and surface disinfection means after an initial shortage in the first peak of the pandemic. Further OHSM implied social distancing, increased hygiene regulations and the provision of pandemic-related information by the employer, as well as the possibility to consult a company doctor. Our study revealed that OHSM were largely adapted to the health threats posed by COVID-19, however an optimum has not yet been achieved. There is still a need for improvement in the qualitative and quantitative supply of PPE, as well as on the organisational level, e.g., with regard to the development of pandemic plans or in work organisation.

scholarly journals Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Elena Grignani ◽  
Antonella Mansi ◽  
Renato Cabella ◽  
Paola Castellano ◽  
Angelo Tirabasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽  
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽  
Azmatullah Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Biological Sludge

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

Handeczema and occupational health and safety measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
D. Romijn-Bucarciuc ◽  
G.C. Maessen ◽  
M.B. Visch
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Measures

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Implementation of Health and Safety in Supermarkets in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Kaaria Ann Gaceri
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Commercial World ◽  
The Government

In today’s rapidly changing commercial world ‘retail design’ is taking on the great importance than ever before both in terms of selling a company’s products and promoting an organizations’ corporate identity (Onwong’a,Mamati, Kangu &Osongo, 2010) .The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the implementation of health and safety measures in supermarkets in Kenya; A survey of Supermarkets in Kenya.The implementation of health and safety measures at workplaces is minimal and yet it goes without doubt that if properly implemented, workplace accidents, injuries and illness would decrease in number. The research study was thus to facilitate the understanding of the benefit to implementing health and safety measures, thereby enhancing the acceptance in organizations.The study was be guided by the following specific objectives, to establish whether leadership influences the implementationof health and safety measures in supermarkets in Kenya,to find out whether employee training influences the implementation of health and safety measures in supermarkets on Kenya,andto establish whether employee participation influences the implementation of health and safety measures in supermarkets in Kenya.  The study employed a descriptive research design (Sekaran, 2006).Data analysiswas aided by SPSS Version 17(Marija, 2008). The target population was the general retail merchandise in Kenya while the study population wasHuman Resource Department Staff in supermarkets with more than 10 outlets in Kenya. The study was a census of supermarkets with more than 10 outlets and hence the sample size was equal to the study population.Primary data was collected using self administered questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The study employed descriptive statistics and data analysis was performed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques.The final findings were presented using pie charts and statistical tables. This study will be of value to the human resource managers of the general retail merchandise industry, the government,research institutions, scholars and other private institutions.

scholarly journals A Web3D Enabled Information Integration Framework for Facility Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvinas Rasys ◽  
Michael Hodds ◽  
Nashwan Dawood ◽  
Mohamad Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
3D Content

Managing capital oil and gas and civil engineering facilities requires a large amount of heterogeneous information that is generated by different project stakeholders across the facility lifecycle phases and is stored in various databases and technical documents. The amount of information reaches its peak during the commissioning and handover phases when the project is handed over to the operator. The operational phase of facilities spans multiple decades and the way facilities are used and maintained have a huge impact on costs, environment, productivity, and health and safety. Thus, the client and the operator bear most of the additional costs associated with incomplete, incorrect or not immediately usable information. Web applications can provide quick and convenient access to information regardless of user location. However, the integration and delivery of engineering information, including 3D content, over the Web is still at its infancy and is affected by numerous technical (i.e. data and tools) and procedural (i.e. process and people) challenges. This paper addresses the technical issues and proposes a Web3D enabled information integration framework that delivers engineering information together with 3D content without any plug-ins. In the proposed framework, a class library defines the engineering data requirements and a semi-structured database provides means to integrate heterogeneous technical asset information. This framework also enables separating the 3D model content into fragments, storing them together with the digital assets and delivering to the client browser on demand. Such framework partially alleviates the current limitations of the JavaScript based 3D content delivery such as application speed and latency. Hence, the proposed framework is particularly valuable to petroleum and civil engineering companies working with large amounts of data.

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