SPECIES COMPOSITION OF MACROPHYTES AND ICHTHYOFAUNA OF LAKE MARTYSHIV (KYIV, OSOKORKY) AS IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE INTACT FLOODPLAIN COMPLEXES

The article examines the species composition of macrophytes (higher aquatic plants) and ichthyofauna of Lake Martyshiv (waterbody of the Osokorky floodplain, eco-corridor of Kyiv). The features of the ecological distribution of higher aquatic plants within the lake Martyshiv are analyzed. The macrophytes are represented by typical limnophilous(lacustrine) complexes. The presence of various groups of macrophytes in the lake indicates a low level of anthropogenic load and is not so differentfrom the values characteristic of a surface water filesunder standard conditions. 22 species of higher aquatic plants have been registered. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Typha angustifolia L. and Typha latifolia Lare the most common swamping indicator species. Among the studied plants, it should be noted Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith which is protected on the territory of Kyiv in accordance with the decision of the Kyiv Council of December 23, 2004 No. 880/2290. In the ichthyofauna of Lake Martyshiv, 30 species of fish that belong to 9 familieswere identified. In the structure of ichthyocenosis, phytophils (50%) and zoobenthophages (50%) were the dominant ecological groups in terms ofthe method of oviposition and the type of nutrition, respectively. According to the habitat in the reservoir, bottomfishand thicket-livingcategories prevailed (43.3 and 33.3%, respectively). Four species were found in the ichthyofauna of the lake (Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), Cobitis taenia (sl) Linnaeus, 1758, Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Aspius aspius Linnaeus, 1758), which are included to the listof Resolution of the 6thBerne Conventionthat wasadopted to create the Emerald Network. In addition, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758, listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, as well as the elmLeuciscus idus Linnaeus, 1758, which was included in the new edition of the Red Book of Ukraine, were discovered.The research results illustrate preliminary data on the current distribution of species and biological diversity of aquatic ecosystems of the Osokorkyfloodplain. The presence of a number of ecological groups of macrophytes creates a number of biotopes that are important for the existence and reproduction of fish. Thepreservation of LakeMartyshiv in a lesstransformed state providesgroundsforthe creation of a landscape reserve of local importance.Key words:Lake Martyshiv, macrophytes, ichthyofauna, biodiversity, environmental transformation, habitat. У статті розглянуто видовий склад макрофітів (вищі водяні рослини) та іхтіофауни оз. Мартишів (водойма Осокорківської заплави, екокоридору м. Києва). Проаналізовано особливості екологічного розподілу вищих водяних рослин у межах оз. Мартишів. Макрофіти представлені типовими лімнофільними (озерними) комплексами. Наявність різних груп макрофітів у межах озера вказує на низький рівень антропогенного навантаження та мало відрізняється від значень, характерних для масиву поверхневих вод у референційних умовах.Відзначено 22 види вищих водяних рослин. Найпоширеніші види-індикатори процесів заболочення: Phragmitesaustralis(Cav.)Trin. exSteud., Typha angustifolia L. та Typha latifolia L. Серед досліджуваних рослин варто виокремити глечики жовті Nuphar lutea(L.) Smith,які натериторії Києва охороняються на підставі рішенняКиївської міської ради від 23.12.2004 року No880/2290.У складі іхтіофауни оз. Мартишів виявлено 30 видів риб, які належали до 9 родин. У структурі іхтіоценозу за домінуючими екологічними групами за способомвідкладання ікри та типом живлення були фітофіли (50%) та зообентофаги (50%) відповідно. За середовищем існування у водоймі домінували риби придонних та заростевих груп (43,3 та 33,3% відповідно). В іхтіофауні озера було виявлено 4 види (Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), Cobitis taenia (s.l.) Linnaeus, 1758, Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758), AspiusaspiusLinnaeus, 1758.), які включені до списку Резолюції 6 Бернської конвенції, прийнятої для створення Смарагдової мережі. Крім того, був виявлений CarassiuscarassiusLinnaeus, 1758., що включений до Червоної книги України, а також в’язь Leuciscus idus Linnaeus, 1758, якого буде внесено до нового видання Червоної книги України.Результати досліджень ілюструють попередні дані щодо сучасного розподілу видів та біологічного різноманіття водних екосистем Осокорківської заплави. Наявність низки екологічних груп макрофітів створює низку оселищ, важливих для існування та розмноження риб. Збереження оз. Мартишів у мало трансформованому стані дає підстави для створення ландшафтного заказника.Ключові слова:озеро Мартишів, макрофіти, іхтіофауна, біорізноманіття, трансформація середовища, середовище існування.

The regularities of 137Cs accumulation in the aboveand underground parts of aerial-and-aquatic plants originated from various types of reservoirs in the Polissia and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The aim of the study was to establish the regularities of 137Cs accumulation in the above- and underground parts of aerial-and-aquatic plants originated from various types of reservoirs in the Polissia and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, located in territories varying in the degrees of radioactive contamination. The studies were carried out in 2014–2018. Higher aquatic plants were sampled in eutrophic, oligotrophic, and dystrophic reservoirs including large and small ones as well as lakes and ponds used for various purposes. The reservoirs were located in the areas that are considered conditionally clean relative to the density of 137Cs contamination, or are classifed as zones of enhanced radiological control, guaranteed voluntary resettlement, unconditional (guaranteed) resettlement and exclusion zones. The objects of research were 8 species of aerial aquatic plants widespread in the fresh water reservoirs of the Polissya and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The specifc content of 137Cs in the aboveground parts, rhizomes, and roots of the plants was determined by common gamma-spectrometric methods. The analysis of the obtained results revealed a common regularity typical of plants from all the studied reservoirs – the levels of 137Cs in the aboveground parts and the rhizomes did not differ signifcantly, but in the ground roots they were signifcantly higher. The specifc activity of 137Cs in ground roots of Phragmites australis exceeded its activity in above ground parts by 6–25 times, in Tupha angustifolia – by 5–20, Glyceria maxima by 7–10, Scirpus lacustris by 4–9, Alisma plantago-aquatica – by 3 times, Sagittaria saggitifolia - by 2, Butomus umbellatus – by 3, Iris pseudacorus - by 4 times. The levels of 137Cs content in aboveground parts and rhizomes in most of the studied plants did not differ signifcantly. The results of the study will further make it possible to assess the role of aerial-and-aquatic plants in the bottom sediments radioactive contamination and to improve the understanding of the role of higher aquatic plants in the processes of radioactive elements migration and redistribution in aquatic ecosystems. The revealed regularities of 137Cs levels formation in the underground parts of plants should be taken into account in determining the radiation dose of plants growing in radionuclides contaminated reservoirs. Key words: aerial-and-aquatic plants, aboveground parts, underground parts, roots, rhizomes, 137Cs, reservoirs, lakes, ponds.

REPRODUCTION OF MICROSCOPIC ALGAE AND HIGHER AQUATIC PLANTS IN THE WATERS OF DENGIZKUL, BUKHARA REGION

The article describes the Dengizkul cadastre, the fertility of phytoplankton of lake water in laboratory conditions, the fertility and fluidity of higher aquatic plants and their significance. Information on the cultivation and use of plant species rich in physiological substances as food for herbivorous fish is presented.

BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL POST-TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER OF JSC «OMSKVODOKANAL» USING HIGHER AQUATIC PLANTS

To conduct the experiment, samples of domestic wastewater entering the treatment facilities of the USC of JSC «OmskVodokanal» were taken as the object of research. The level of wastewater treatment according to the chemical parameters of tertiary wastewater treatment, a certain degree of efficiency of wastewater treatment of enterprises is investigated. As a result of the analytical evaluation, the most effective method of post-traumatic treatment was identified.

The importance of aquatic plants in maintaining zooplankton diversity and abundance: An experimental approach

The influence of different species and ecological forms of higher aquatic plants on the abundance, biomass and species diversity of zooplankton was investigated in experimental ecosystems (microcosms). It was shown that in the absence of fish and macroinvertebrate predators, the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the plants beds increased. Not only phytophilous, littoral, and small planktonic crustaceans, but also some large obligate planktonic crustaceans, reached a high abundance among the plants. Plants belonging to different ecological groups stimulated an increase in the abundance of different groups of zooplankton. In the beds of submerged plants, the number of Cladocera increased to a greater extent than Copepoda or Rotifera. The abundance of Copepoda, both Cyclopoida and Calanoida, grew in the beds of helophytes. The relative number of predators in the community increased among the plants. The species structure and quantitative parameters of zooplankton had their own characteristics in monospecies and mixed phytocenoses of the same plant species. The index of species diversity of zooplankton acquired the highest values in the mixed phytocenosis. Higher aquatic plants increase spatial heterogeneity, which stimulates the development of facultative planktonic and benthic species. The formation of phytogenic detritus and the lifetime release of organic substances by plants into the water causes the development of bacteria and protozoa, which expands the quality and size range of food organisms for zooplankton. Therefore, zooplankton becomes more diverse in terms of the set of trophic groups.

A METHOD FOR ACCELERATING ELECTROCHEMICAL PHYTOREMEDIATIONOF WASTE WATER FROM HEAVY METAL IONS WHEN EXPOSED TO PHYTOSORBENT PLANTS BY PHYSICAL FIELDS

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of purification of natural and waste waters from heavy metal ions by the method of electrochemical phytoremediation. The results of studies on the management of phytoremediation processes by exposure to higher aquatic plants by external physical fields (constant magnetic field, combined exposure to a constant magnetic field and geomagnetic field, constant magnetic field and weak electric (j) fields) are presented. The ef-fect of accelerating the sorption of heavy metal ions under the influence of external physical fields on plants of Lemna minor has been experimentally confirmed. Rational conditions for controlling the processes of selectivity and increasing the rate of electrochemical phytoremediation and the completeness of the extraction of heavy metal ions from contaminated waters using higher aquatic plants are determined. A flow chart of the treatment of wastewater from heavy metals by the phytoremediation method using a biopond / settler populated by higher aquatic plants is proposed.

Calculation of the maximum velocity of gravity flow in the pond-clarifier with higher aquatic plants

The analysis of the possible maximum fluid flow rates when using higher aquatic plants for clarification of recycled water in the pondclarifier of the tailing pond has carried out. The study has been performed on the basis of a mathematical model of a plane slow stationary gravity flow of a viscous fluid in two parallel layers. The results of the study made it possible to determine the fluid velocity through a layer of higher aquatic plants floating on a free surface. The maximum possible velocity depending on the layer porosity has been determined. This value is necessary to determine the rational parameters of the process of clarifying technical recycled water from particles of the given hydraulic size, taking into account the pond-clarifier geometric dimensions. It is shown that the velocity in the layer with higher aquatic plants has been determined by the ratio of two parameters of this layer - porosity and dimensionless resistance coefficient. It has been shown that the maximum velocity value coefficient in the layer with plants floating on free surface depends only on porosity of this layer and does not depend on its resistance coefficient.