Superstructure formation in the solid solution Sc3Pt3−xIn3 (x = 0–0.93)

The equiatomic indide ScPtIn (ZrNiAl type, space group P 6 ‾ $‾{6}$ 2m) shows an extended solid solution Sc3Pt3–xIn3. Several samples of the Sc3Pt3–xIn3 series were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing, or directly in a high frequency furnace. The lowest platinum content was observed for Sc3Pt2.072(3)In3. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and their lattice parameters and several single crystals were studied on the basis of precise single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The correct platinum occupancy parameters were refined from the diffraction data. Decreasing platinum content leads to decreasing a and c lattice parameters. Satellite reflections were observed for the Sc3Pt3–xIn3 crystals with x = 0.31–0.83. These satellite reflections could be described with a modulation vector ( 1 3 , 1 3 , γ ) $\left(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},\gamma \right)$ ( γ = 1 2 $\gamma =\frac{1}{2}$ c* for all crystals) and are compatible with trigonal symmetry. The interplay of platinum filled vs. empty In6 trigonal prisms is discussed for an approximant structure with space group P3m1.

Analysis of Renal Platinum Content as a Novel Approach to Protect against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Review

Cisplatin (cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) is a prominent member of the effective broad-spectrum antitumor drugs. However, its clinical usage is restricted due to serious side effects particularly nephrotoxicity. The vulnerability of the kidney to CDDP is almost certainly related to its primary role in the excretion of the drug as intact CDDP and its platinum containing products are excreted mainly in the urine. There is a correlation between the level of platinum in urine and nephrotoxicity because of renal uptake of the drug. Some analytical methods were applied for the determination of platinum content in biological fluids such as plasma, urine, serum, and peritoneal fluid. Studies have not documented a strong correlation between the renoprotective mechanism and the diminution of renal platinum content.