Obstacles to the participation of a university student in volunteer work – A field study, applied to female students of King Saud University –: معوقات مشاركة الطالبة الجامعية في العمل التطوعي – دراسة ميدانية مطبقة على طالبات جامعة الملك سعود –

The study Obstacles to the participation of the university student in the study A field study applied to the students of King Saud University and their point of view in order to study about those obstacles, and to achieve the goal of the study, the use of the researcher, the descriptive approach. 3.00) with a verbal estimate (2.12 out of 3) with a verbal estimate (somewhat disabled). (2.29 out of 3), followed by the student- related handicaps and she got a mean (1.95) and the two fields with verbal grade (somewhat disabled). The two fields are verbal esteem (somewhat handicapped). The third axis happened; Suggestions for appropriate methods to activate volunteer work on a year average (2.77) with a verbal estimate (agree). In light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were presented at the conclusion of the study to address these obstacles.

The leadership patterns of the headmasters in public schools in The Directorate of Marka in Amman- Jordan and their relation to job satisfaction from the teacher's point of view

This study aims to stand on the relation between the leadership patterns that are followed by headmasters in public schools and the degree of job satisfaction of teachers in The Directorate of Marka in Amman- Jordan. The researcher used the descriptive approach، the tool was represented in applying Abbas scale 2015.The study members are the teachers in public schools in The Directorate of Marka / Amman that are (100) teachers developed. The result is that there is a positive relation between the dimensional leadership patterns and job satisfaction of teachers، it also showed that job satisfaction reach t(0، 76 ) and the level of leadership is average for all which is (3، 46) .The transfer pattern has the highest average arithmetic among the four patterns which is (3، 58) then the procedural pattern (3، 46)، after thar non- interference pattern (3، 39)، finally the democratic pattern (3، 28)، all with a verbal estimate . The results also showed that job satisfaction of teachers in public schools of the leadership patterns are average grade. It recorded (3.32) with average grade too. According to the results several recommendations and proposals were made to improve leadership pattern and to increase job satisfaction degree.

Life hardships and its relationship with Suicide Probability among University Students: أحداث الحياة الشاقة لدى طلبة جامعة الملك سعود وعلاقتها باحتمالية الانتحار

This study aimed to identify the major Events of Life hardships among King Saud university students, and its relationship with Suicide Probability. The study was based on Social Survey Methodology with a Simple Random Sampling Method, and used both measures of Suicide Probability and life hardships. It was applied to 377 students enrolled in the first year’s joint study at King Saud University in Riyadh for the academic year 1437- 1438. The results showed that the average rate of the sample members that agreed that they suffered from life hardships is 17.75% , While the average rate of the sample members who didn’t agree with suffering from any life hardships is 82.25%. The results also showed that the responses' total average of the sample members, on all scales, was 2.02 with verbal estimate (Sometimes). As for the dimensions of the scale, the first rank was negative self- evaluation with an average of 2.45, then the hopelessness with an average of 2.19, with verbal estimate (Sometimes). While the suicide perception dimension had an average of 1.74, and the dimension of hostility had an average of 1.71, with verbal estimate (rarely). The results also revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship at the level 0.05 between the sample members' responses on the bound total of Life hardships and responses on the bound total of the Suicide Probability, as well as the dimensions: (feeling of hopelessness, negative self- esteem, hostility), while there is a statistically significant relationship between responses on the Life hardships scale and the perception of suicide dimension. In the view of the findings, lots of recommendations is given to improve the student services to reduce the hardships which is facing the college student.

Estimating the Height of a Suspended Wire

Estimating the height of a wire above the ground is a task that may be required to avoid contacting electrical distribution lines with ladders, antennae, long poles, or other reach extending devices. It has been suggested that this task is difficult because wire is often presented against the homogeneous field of the sky. The accuracy of estimations under this condition may be poor when made on an absolute basis, that is using an internal frame of reference. However, accuracy should improve when the estimation is made on a relative basis, using some external frame of reference. In order to assess the accuracy of such estimations, forty subjects were each asked to give a verbal estimate of the height of a suspended wire, as well as to match the wire height using a horizontal reference pole and a vertical reference pole. As expected, the verbal, or absolute, estimates had a higher average percent error (17.1%) than the relative horizontal estimates (7.7%). Relative vertical estimates produced the most accurate values, within about 2.0% of the actual wire height. The degree of accuracy observed in subjects using external references suggests that the ability to avoid contact with overhead electrical distribution lines may be high, given appropriate knowledge, attention, and motivation.