The degree of practicing servant leadership among the principals of governmental secondary schools in Amman governorate and its relation to teachers' motivation towards work: درجة ممارسة القيادة الخادمة لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية في محافظة عمّان وعلاقتها بدافعية المعلمين نحو العمل

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing servant leadership by the principals of governmental secondary school in Amman governorate and its relation to teachers' motivation towards work, from teachers’ point of view, Descriptive correlative research method as the most suitable method for this study and adopted the questionnaire as a means of collecting data both for the servant leadership or motivation. The sample of the study consisted of (347) teachers. They were chosen intentionally from governmental secondary schools in Amman. The descriptive correlational methodology was used. Two questionnaires were used as a tool of the study to collect data, after finding their validity and reliability; the findings showed that the degree of practicing servant leadership by governmental secondary school principals in Amman governorate from teachers’ point of view was low. The level of teachers' motivation towards work was low too. There was a positive significant correlational relationship at (α≤0.05) between the degree of practicing servant leadership by governmental secondary school principals in Amman governorate and teachers' motivation towards work. The Pearson value was (0.61). The main recommendations of the study: organizing training courses on servant leadership for principals of public secondary schools in Jordan., and the adoption of servant leadership in the evaluation process and the selection of school principals by the Ministry of Education.

Irrational Thoughts and Their Relationship to Emotional Stability for The Elderly in Jericho Governorate: الأفكار اللاعقلانية وعلاقتها بالاتزان الانفعالي لدى المسنين في محافظة أريحا

The aim of this study was to determine the level of irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly in Governorate of Jericho, as well as the relationship between them based on gender, economic level, accommodation type, and educational level. The descriptive-analytical approach, the irrational thoughts scale, and the emotional stability scale were employed to achieve these objectives. The sample included (300) elderly people, males and females, who were chosen randomly from the elderly attending the social development centers and Grandparents’ House in Jericho. Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlation coefficient, t- test, one-way ANOVA were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study revealed that the elderly in Jericho Governorate have a moderate degree of both irrational thoughts and of emotional stability. The results also demonstrated an inverse statistically significant relationship between irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly. The results also showed no differences in the level of irrational thoughts among the elderly in the Jericho governorate due to the variables of gender or economic level. It was found that there were differences in the level of irrational thoughts due to accommodation type and educational level. The results showed that there were no differences in the level of emotional stability among the elderly based on gender, economic level, or accommodation type, while there are statistically significant differences in the level of emotional stability attributed to the educational level.

Students Mistakes Analysis of the Tenth- Grade in Interpretation Verbal Expressions into Algebraic Equations and Quantities: تحليل أخطاء طلبة الصّف العاشر الأساسي في ترجمة التعابير اللفظية إلى معادلات ومقادير جبرية

The study aims to detecting the mistakes of the tenth- grade student's interpretation verbal expressions into algebraic equations and quantities and vice versa, identify and analyze common students’ mistakes. The researcher used the descriptive approach and applied the study to a sample that formed of (100) female students of the tenth grade from Fatima Bint Al Khattab Secondary School, that affiliated to the Directorate of Education for First Zarqa District. A test was prepared - in two models, each model included 3 paragraphs - in phrasing of algebraic equations and quantities and vice versa into verbal expressions and vice versa, and it was applied to two divisions of the tenth- grade. The results have indicated to a classification of students' most common mistakes at the level of all test items, which were arranged in descending order: Common mistakes in interpretation the verbal phrases of addition, subtraction or multiplication into algebraic symbols: repeated by (39%) within the six test paragraphs, followed by mistakes in mathematical concepts, repeated by (29%), followed by the mistake: Confusion between an equation and an algebraic expression, repeated by (25%). The study also found, through checking the percentages of common mistakes, that the students were unimproved in an interpretation the verbal formulation within a story or phrase into algebraic symbols, or formulating equations or algebraic expressions in a verbal phrase, in a story or a life’s situation. In light of the results, several recommendations were suggested, the most important were as following: Application and execution of the teachers for the teaching strategy by using common students’ mistakes, and the committees based on curriculum development and design should take into account the selection of appropriate words for each age group, when phrasing verbal mistakes, and to ensure that they are linguistically and orthographically correct. Based on the development and design of curricula, choosing appropriate words for each age group, when formulating verbal mistakes, and ensuring that they are linguistically and orthographically correct. It was also proposed to hold training courses for teachers, in order to train them on the use of the developed programs to address common students' mistakes in mathematics, such as Drive program and Roll Space program.

The degree to which Islamic education teachers in the northeastern Badia possess technological knowledge in light of the standards of total quality management: درجة امتلاك مُدرسي التربية الإسلامية في البادية الشمالية الشرقية للمعرفة التكنولوجية في ضوء معايير إدارة الجودة الشاملة

The study aimed to identify the acquisition degree of technological knowledge by Islamic education teachers in light of the total quality management (TQM) standards in the North-Eastern Badia.To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared and distributed a questionnaire to (212) male and female teachers in the schools of the directorate of education of the North-eastern Badia After conducting the statistical analysis, it was evident that the degree of possessing the technological knowledge was medium, there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) between the average responses and the members of the study sample regarding the acquisition degree of technological knowledge by the Islamic education teachers in light of the TQM standards according to the variable of gender in favor of females, no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≥0.05) between the average responses and the members of the study sample regarding the acquisition degree of technological knowledge by the Islamic education teachers in light of the TQM standards according to the scientific qualification variable, and statistically significant differences at the level of (α≥0.05) between the average responses and the members of the study sample regarding the acquisition degree of technological knowledge by the Islamic education teachers in light of the TQM standards according to the variable of experience in favor of the number of years of experience (less than five years).

Reasons for low academic achievement among public school students from the point of view of mathematics teachers in the city of Aqaba: أسباب تدني التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلبة المدارس الحكوميّة من وجهة نظر معلمي الرياضيات في مدينة العقبة

The study aimed to identify the reasons for the low academic achievement of public school students from the point of view of mathematics teachers in the city of Aqaba. For data analysis, arithmetic means, standard deviations, t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance, and (LSD) test were used. This is significant in terms of the arithmetic average, which amounted to (3.66), as it was found that the most important reasons for low achievement are the lack of incentives for the creative student, in addition to the fact that parents’ preoccupation with their children does not encourage education, and the weak financial return for the teacher, as well as the lack of incentives for the creative teacher, and based on the The results of the study The researcher made several recommendations, the most important of which were: the necessity for mathematics teachers to use incentives for students in basic schools in order to increase their academic achievement, and the need for mathematics teachers to follow appropriate methods in the education process in order to increase their academic achievement. The level of academic achievement.‏

The role of School Principals in Enhancing Participatory Relationship with the Local Community in Public School in Ajloun Directorate from Teacher Perspective: دور مديري المدارس الحكومية في محافظة عجلون في تعزيز الشراكة المجتمعية بين المدرسة والمجتمع من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This Study aimed to identify the role of school principals in enhancing participatory relationship with the local community in public school in Ajloun directorate from teacher perspective, and to determine the effect of variables (sex, and years of experience), the researcher used the Descriptive approaches, study sample consisted of (850) Female and male teacher in Ajloun directorate, to collect data Questioner used it consisted from (25) Paragraph divided to two sector, the result shown that the level of the school principals role in enhancing participatory relationship with the local community in public school in Ajloun directorate from teacher perspective was moderated with average (3.16) , The finding also showed there is statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) refers to principal sex (male and female) in favor of female in addition there were statistically significant differences between the teacher years of experience in favor of (10 years and more). The study recommended the necessity of holding training courses for school principals concerned with community partnership and communication mechanisms between the school and the local community.

The degree of using modern economics in education from the point of view of faculty members in Jordanian universities: درجة استخدام الاقتصاديات الحديثة في التعليم من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات الأردنيّة

This study aimed to identify the degree of use of modern economics in education from the viewpoint of faculty members in Jordanian universities. 92) of the faculty members in Jordanian universities and using the statistical program (SPSS) where the statistical program (SPSS) was used. The results of the study showed that the degree of using modern economics in education from the viewpoint of faculty members in Jordanian universities obtained a total average (4.22) That is, to a (significant) degree, and it was found that there were no statistically significant differences at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the average responses of the study sample members towards the degree of using modern economics in education in Jordanian universities, and based on the results of the study, The researcher recommended recommendations, the most important of which is to spread awareness among those who are going to choose their majors in universities to choose the disciplines required in the labor market to ensure that they get jobs upon their graduation, and to encourage professions and industry because of their importance and the society’s need for them like other scientific disciplines.

The level of empathy among students of the first three grades in the point of view of their teachers in schools in the schools affiliated to the Marka Brigade in Jordan in the light of some variables: مستوى التعاطف لدى طلبة الصفوف الثلاث الأولى من وجهة نظر معلميهم في المدارس التابعة لمديرية لواء ماركا في الأردن في ضوء بعض المتغيرات

This study aimed at investigating the level of empathy among students of the first three grades in the teacher’s point of view in the schools affiliated to the Marka Brigade in Jordan in the light of these variables: Gender, Qualifications and the teacher’s years of experience. And the sample was formed which was selected randomly between (293) teachers during the second semester of the year (2020/2021), and to achieve the goals of the study a scale was developed to measure the level of empathy, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the scale it was applied to the study sample members, and to find out the level of empathy among students in the first three grades the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the scores of the study sample members were calculated on the study tool, and to examine the differences attributed to the teacher’s qualification and experience, the one- way analysis was used. and the study results indicated that the average response of the members of the sample was high, and the study results also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the empathy level among the students of the first three grades according to the gender variable of the teacher, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) at the total level of empathy among students according to the qualification variable of the teacher, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) at the total level of empathy among students of the first three grades according to the experience variable of the teacher. and the researcher concluded a set of recommendations, most notably designing training programs for teachers responsible for the first three grades and activating their role in developing the emotional and social skills of their students, and studying empathy among students at other age stages and from their point of view.

The effectiveness of using distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of the principals of Irbid schools: فاعلية استخدام التَعليم عَن بُعد في ظل جائحة كورونا في مدارس محافظة إربد من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of the principals of Irbid schools. A paragraph divided into three areas: 1) Continuity of using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic. 2) Obstacles to using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic. 3) The desired level of distance education. The results of the study came in varying degrees: medium, high The results of the study also showed the effectiveness of the use of distance education in light of the Corona pandemic to a high degree, and the reason is that the Ministry of Education relied on the infrastructure well. Also, the continuity of the distance education process in light of the Corona pandemic came to a high degree, due to the Ministry of Education’s adoption of advance and reliable software, and the focus of teachers on social media. Moreover, the obstacles to using distance education in light of the Corona pandemic came to a high degree due to the lack of pre- prepared educational software Also, the hoped- for level of distance education in light of the Corona pandemic in the schools of Irbid Governorate ranged between a medium degree and a high degree. This result is attributed to some teachers who do not have the ability to control students’ implementation of the tests, and the interaction of teachers and students is governed by the continuous availability of Internet service. The study recommended the need to take into account the abilities and characteristics of students, the capabilities of parents and their educational level before preparing and implementing any distance education study plans, and the need to direct the departments of the Ministry of Education to the importance of developing a plan to train teachers on the distance education system in terms of the techniques used, communication tools, and their importance in This system.

The Attitudes of Arabic language teachers for the upper basic stage towards learning bridges activities in Almafraq Governorate: اتجاهات معلمي اللغة العربية للمرحلة الأساسية العليا نحو أنشطة جسور التعلم في محافظة المفرق

This study aimed to reveal the attitudes of Arabic language teachers of the upper basic stage towards learning bridges activities from their point of view in Mafraq Governorate in Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey method was used. The study used an electronic questionnaire consisting of (20) items, It was distributed amongst the study sample members, which consisted of (172) male and female teachers, and they were chosen by the available intentional sample method. The results of the study showed that the degree of the Arabic language teachers’ attitudes of the upper basic stage towards the activities of learning bridges from their point of view was high; with an arithmetic mean (2.40), and the absence of statistically significant differences at the level (α = 0.05) in the estimates of the study sample members due to the variables (gender, educational qualification, training courses), and in light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a group among the recommendations the most important is encouraging and educating teachers in Jordanian schools to benefit from the activities of learning bridges in teaching.