Do the DMO and the Tourists Deliver the Similar Image? Research on Representation of the Health Destination Image Based on UGC and the Theory of Discourse Power: A Case Study of Bama, China

Even though destination image is an important expression of discovering the local landscapes and place significance, the construction and measurement of destination image neglect the place component. This research explores the image of health destinations, as well as its representation mechanism, combining the triadic structure of tourism image proposed by Marine-Roig et al. with the theory of discourse power put forward by Michel Foucault, taking Bama, Guangxi as a case. In addition, this paper uses the IPA matrix to visually unveil the pronounced gap between the projected image by Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) and the perceived image of tourists and suggests strategies that DMOs should adopt in the different dimensions.

Missing Links or to the History of the Second Century AD Bosporan Kingdom under Eupator: by numismatic data

Under the Bosporan king Eupator, sestercii were issued with two busts on the obverse: an elderly bearded man in a ray crown and a woman in a high openwork crown, as well as two men: a young one, with or without a beard, and an elderly, bearded one. All men have long hair. The elderly man is no doubt Eupator. Together with him, as is commonly believed, they portrayed Aphrodite Urania and Marcus Aurelius. But this is hardly the case. After all, a very similar image of a woman, framed by the legend “Β … ΕΥΝΟΜΙΑC”, is imprinted on the reverse of the Bosporan sesterces with two male busts on the obverse. But the figures of the deities on the Bosporan coins were not signed. Judging by the crown, this was a Sarmatian queen. We believe that Eunomia, who is mentioned in the coin legend, was the wife and co-ruler of Eupator. The Roman emperors on the Bosporan coins were always depicted with short hair. We believe that the studied sestercii had portraits of Eupator, his wife Eunomia, and also their son, who ruled the Bosporus from 170/171 to 174/175 without the sanction of Rome and, as a result, did not receive the right to issue coins and did not leave lapidary inscriptions.

Jak polscy kaktusiarze "mówią" o swoich roślinach

How Polish Cactus Growers “Talk” About Their PlantsThe hobby cultivation of cacti in Poland dates back to the 19th century, but it flourished most in the 1930s and 1960s. The language of cactus growers has developed in two official and colloquial varieties, in both of which official botanical terminology predominates. In the colloquial variety, jargon synonyms often appear. They are created by morphological derivation (decomposition and suffixation); less often, they are usually created by semantic derivation. Imagery and collocations are carriers of the linguistic image of cacti, which appear to cactus growers as being immature and requiring care, like children (there is a similar image of plants in Polish dialects). Women are mainly responsible for the evolution of this emotional sociolect variant. Jak polscy kaktusiarze „mówią” o swoich roślinachHobbystyczna uprawa kaktusów w Polsce sięga XIX wieku, największy rozkwit przeżywała w latach 30. i 60. ubiegłego stulecia. Język kaktusiarzy wykształcił się w dwu odmianach, oficjalnej i potocznej, obu mocno nasyconych oficjalną terminologią botaniczną, przy czym w wariancie potocznym (internetowym) często pojawiają się synonimy żargonowe, spotocyzowane. Tworzy się je na drodze derywacji morfologicznej (dekompozycja i sufiksacja), rzadziej semantycznej. Metaforyka oraz kolokacje są nośnikiem językowego obrazu kaktusów, które jawią się ich hodowcom jako istoty niedorosłe, wymagające opieki, niemal jak dzieci (podobny obraz roślin w gwarach polskich). Wykształcenie tego emocjonalnego wariantu socjolektu jest zasługą głównie kobiet.

Learning Interpretable Concept Groups in CNNs

We propose a novel training methodology---Concept Group Learning (CGL)---that encourages training of interpretable CNN filters by partitioning filters in each layer into \emph{concept groups}, each of which is trained to learn a single visual concept. We achieve this through a novel regularization strategy that forces filters in the same group to be active in similar image regions for a given layer. We additionally use a regularizer to encourage a sparse weighting of the concept groups in each layer so that a few concept groups can have greater importance than others. We quantitatively evaluate CGL's model interpretability using standard interpretability evaluation techniques and find that our method increases interpretability scores in most cases. Qualitatively we compare the image regions which are most active under filters learned using CGL versus filters learned without CGL and find that CGL activation regions more strongly concentrate around semantically relevant features.

Application of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in head CT imaging for children to improve image quality and lesion detection

Background To evaluate the performance of a Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in pediatric head CT for improving image quality and lesion detection with 0.625 mm thin-slice images. Methods Low-dose axial head CT scans of 50 children with 120 kV, 0.8 s rotation and age-dependent 150–220 mA tube current were selected. Images were reconstructed at 5 mm and 0.625 mm slice thickness using Filtered back projection (FBP), Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-v at 50% strength (50%ASIR-V) (as reference standard), 100%ASIR-V and DLIR-high (DL-H). The CT attenuation and standard deviation values of the gray and white matters in the basal ganglia were measured. The clarity of sulci/cisterns, boundary between white and gray matters, and overall image quality was subjectively evaluated. The number of lesions in each reconstruction group was counted. Results The 5 mm FBP, 50%ASIR-V, 100%ASIR-V and DL-H images had a subjective score of 2.25 ± 0.44, 3.05 ± 0.23, 2.87 ± 0.39 and 3.64 ± 0.49 in a 5-point scale, respectively with DL-H having the lowest image noise of white matter at 2.00 ± 0.34 HU; For the 0.625 mm images, only DL-H images met the diagnostic requirement. The 0.625 mm DL-H images had similar image noise (3.11 ± 0.58 HU) of the white matter and overall image quality score (3.04 ± 0.33) as the 5 mm 50% ASIR-V images (3.16 ± 0.60 HU and 3.05 ± 0.23). Sixty-five lesions were recognized in 5 mm 50%ASIR-V images and 69 were detected in 0.625 mm DL-H images. Conclusion DL-H improves the head CT image quality for children compared with ASIR-V images. The 0.625 mm DL-H images improve lesion detection and produce similar image noise as the 5 mm 50%ASIR-V images, indicating a potential 85% dose reduction if current image quality and slice thickness are desired.

"Łbem muru nie przebijesz". Na tropach frazematyki północnokresowej końca XX wieku

Łbem muru nie przebijesz: Tracing Northern Kresy Phraseology of the End of the Twentieth CenturyThe authors studied the little-investigated body of northern Kresy Polish phraseology.The first part of the article briefly presents general, theorical issues related with the status of multi-word constructions, highlighting among these multi-component language units, i.e. reproductions (phrasemes), with the predilection of researchers to describe individual words and avoid multi-word units, even though there are many more of the latter in natural language than single-element units. It has been shown that northern Kresy phrasematics has been particularly neglected. A result of this neglect is the lack of extensive databases of these multi-word units, which in turn makes it impossible to present a credible description of discontinuous units. The authors propose that research should begin with the assembly of a database of northern Kresy phrasematic material nearly from scratch.The empirical part presents the results of initial exploratory research, i.e. performing extraction on a fragment (ca. 110 pages) of a Lithuanian-Polish dictionary published in Vilnius at the end of the twentieth century. The excerpt contains as many as twenty phrasemes that are not found in general Polish, which confirms the thesis that contemporary northern Kresy cultural dialect is saturated with multi-word units. As many as 90% of reproductions are not – most likely apparently, due to the lack of an extensive database – attested in other sources. All are of foreign origin. Interestingly, 35% of the material occurs in all four languages used in Kresy (będziesz gościem; tnie prawdę w oczy; rodzaj ogólny; siedzi jak na igłach; suche miejsce; krupy ryżowe and sygnał samochodowy). Most likely the same living conditions led to the creation of a similar image of the world.The extracted phrasematic material is presented in a formalised manner, adapting the principles of description of language units proposed by Andrzej Bogusławski. Łbem muru nie przebijesz. Na tropach frazematyki północnokresowej końca XX wiekuAutorzy podjęli studia nad bardzo słabo zbadanym zasobem frazematycznym polszczyzny północnokresowej.W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono w dużym skrócie problemy ogólne, teoretyczne związane ze statusem konstrukcji wielowyrazowych, z wyodrębnianiem spośród nich wielokomponentowych jednostek języka, czyli reproduktów (frazemów), z predylekcją badaczy do opisywania pojedynczych wyrazów i pomijania całostek wielowyrazowych, mimo że to właśnie tych ostatnich jest w językach naturalnych znacznie więcej niż jednostek jednoelementowych. Udowodniono, że szczególnie zaniedbana jest obecnie frazematyka północnokresowa. W rezultacie tego zaniedbania dotkliwie brakuje obszernych baz tamtejszych całostek wielowyrazowych, co z kolei uniemożliwia przedstawienie wiarygodnych opisów jednostek nieciągłych. Autorzy postulują rozpoczęcie badań od stworzenia niemal od podstaw północnokresowych frazematycznych baz materiałowych.W części empirycznej przedstawiono rezultaty pierwszego rekonesansu badawczego, czyli poddania ekscerpcji fragmentu (około 110 stron) słownika litewsko-polskiego wydanego w Wilnie u schyłku XX wieku. Ekscerpt zawiera aż 20 frazemów nieogólnopolskich, co potwierdza tezę, że współczesny północnokresowy dialekt kulturalny jest przesycony wielowyrazowcami. Aż 90% reproduktów nie ma – najprawdopodobniej pozornie, z braku obszernych baz – poświadczeń w innych źródłach. Wszystkie jednostki są pochodzenia obcego. Co ciekawe, 35% materiału występuje we wszystkich czterech językach używanych na Kresach (będziesz gościem; tnie prawdę w oczy; rodzaj ogólny; siedzi jak na igłach; suche miejsce; krupy ryżowe i sygnał samochodowy). Prawdopodobnie jednakowe warunki życia doprowadziły do wytworzenia się zbliżonego obrazu świata.Wyekscerpowany materiał frazematyczny zaprezentowano w postaci sformalizowanej, adaptując zasady opisu jednostek języka zaproponowane przez Andrzeja Bogusławskiego.