A comparative study of the clinical efficacy of supination-adduction type II ankle fracture surgery based on the medial pilon fracture concept versus the ankle fracture concept

Background A supination-adduction (SAD) ankle fracture is a special type of ankle fracture that results in collapse of the distal tibial articular surface; as such, orthopaedic surgeons require greater awareness of this type of fracture. The severity of this injury lies between that of an ordinary ankle fracture and a pilon fracture, and the treatment of such fractures based on the ankle fracture concept leads to extremely high rates of postoperative complications and a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study, we aimed to explore the treatment of SAD fractures based on the pilon fracture concept. Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 67 patients with Lauge-Hansen supination-adduction type II (SAD-II) ankle fractures, most of whom had a 44-A AO classification. Patients underwent surgical treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2009 to June 2019. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical concept employed: 43 patients were included in the ankle fracture surgical concept group, and 24 patients were included in the medial pilon fracture surgical concept group. The therapeutic effect was evaluated based on the Burwell-Charnley radiological reduction standard, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score 1 year after surgery using regression with adjustment for confounding factors. Results All 67 patients were followed up. Twenty-four patients were treated according to the medial pilon fracture concept, and forty-three patients were treated according to the ankle fracture concept. The AOFAS score 1 year after surgery in the medial pilon group (89.83 ± 2.77) was higher than that in the ankle fracture group (83.63 ± 7.97) (p < 0.05). The VAS score 1 year after surgery in the medial pilon fracture group (1.17 ± 0.96) was significantly better than that in the ankle fracture group (2.28 ± 0.96) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with Lauge-Hansen SAD-II ankle fractures treated based on the medial pilon fracture surgical concept had better postoperative outcomes than those treated based on the ankle fracture surgical concept. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Learning Interpretable Concept Groups in CNNs

We propose a novel training methodology---Concept Group Learning (CGL)---that encourages training of interpretable CNN filters by partitioning filters in each layer into \emph{concept groups}, each of which is trained to learn a single visual concept. We achieve this through a novel regularization strategy that forces filters in the same group to be active in similar image regions for a given layer. We additionally use a regularizer to encourage a sparse weighting of the concept groups in each layer so that a few concept groups can have greater importance than others. We quantitatively evaluate CGL's model interpretability using standard interpretability evaluation techniques and find that our method increases interpretability scores in most cases. Qualitatively we compare the image regions which are most active under filters learned using CGL versus filters learned without CGL and find that CGL activation regions more strongly concentrate around semantically relevant features.

THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF "GROUP PORTRAIT" AND THE TYPOLOGY OF THE GENRE OF GROUP PORTRAIT

This article is devoted to identifying the uniqueness of the works of the genre "group portrait" by etymological research of the concept "group portrait", identifying the typology of this genre, exploring the traditional possibilities of its systematization in order to comprehensively consider the essence of the group portrait in the research tradition. The aim of the study is to deepen the understanding of the genre of group portrait and its specific features. The methodological bases of the research are the basic categories of the theory of reflection of G. V. F. Hegel, the basic principles of the synthetic concept of the ideal by D. V. Pivovarov, the theory of fine art by V. I. Zhukovsky, N. P. Koptseva, as well as general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods.

Evaluation of variable pitot inlet concepts for transonic and supersonic civil aviation

Purpose This paper aims to describe the selection of the ideal variable inlet concept group by using results of aerodynamic investigations, system safety analyses and integration studies. Design/methodology/approach Aerodynamic and functional inlet requirements are explained and variable inlet concept groups are introduced. The concept evaluation by means of a weighted point rating is presented. The respective concept groups are analysed and evaluated regarding economic, functional and safety requirements. Findings By means of this evaluation, the concept group that adjusts the inlet geometry by rigid segment repositioning is identified as most suitable concept group. Originality/value The early selection of the most suitable concept group enables more detailed subsequent concept investigations, potentially enabling the technology of variable inlets for future commercial aircraft.

Evaluation of Variable Pitot Inlet Concepts for Transonic and Supersonic Civil Aviation

This paper describes the selection of the ideal variable inlet concept group by utilising results of aerodynamic investigations, system safety analyses and integration studies. Aerodynamic and functional inlet requirements are explained, and variable inlet concept groups are introduced. The concept evaluation by means of a weighted point rating is presented. The respective concept groups are analysed and evaluated regarding economic, functional and safety requirements. By means of this evaluation, the concept group that adjusts the inlet geometry by rigid segment repositioning is identified as most suitable concept group. The early selection of the most suitable concept group enables more detailed subsequent concept investigations, potentially enabling the technology of variable inlets for future commercial aircraft.

Reducing Response Times (DRAFT)

This chapter introduces practical tools for reducing response times significantly. Using the approaches and techniques presented in the chapter can reduce response time several folds. This is a strategic and tactical goal for every organization to reduce response times. The significant contribution of Lean/just in time to management is manifested in focusing on short response and introducing the perception that work in process is a burden, not an asset. This chapter presents tools and techniques such as the small batch concept, group technology, tactical gating, the “traffic lights” system, Superzoufing, working with a complete kit, and the shortest processing time.

Learning Who We Are From Our Leaders

A key feature of group and organizational learning is the process through which people learn the group or organization’s distinctive normative characteristics and social identity and therefore who one is and how one should behave as a member of the group or organization. In this chapter I draw on social identity theory and the social identity theory of leadership to argue that people derive an important part of their identity from the groups they belong to, including work groups and organizations. They internalize, through a process of self-categorization, these group normative attributes as self-attributes that prescribe behavior. Because group and organizational norms define and prescribe one’s self-concept, group members are vigilant for reliable information about the group’s norms and identity. They typically look to group and organizational leaders for this information.