Analysis between Linagliptin and Azithromycin: In Vitro and In Vivo Interaction Study

Background: Linagliptin is prescribed as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Azithromycin is specified as an antibiotic that binds with 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit obstructing the microbial protein synthesis. Our study focuses on the drug-drug interactions of these drugs. Objective: The purpose of the study is to understand the bioavailability and physicochemical approaches of Linagliptin and Azithromycin interaction mediated through the strength and nature of the complexation. Methods: The assessment drug interaction applying Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for In Vitro assessment. Also, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in a mice model for In Vivo. Results: The mild variation observed at different pH at a specific temperature on Job's and Ardon's equation. On UPLC, the drug mixture is 2013793 and 54631 on 50 mg/l. The height of the drug mixture 579234 and 11442, respectively. The Azithromycin, the wavelength of 731.02 cm-1, 993.34 cm-1, 1379.10 cm-1, and 1718.58 cm-1 diminish from the mixture. Also, from Linagliptin, the wavelength of 1363.67 cm-1, 1473.62 cm-1, 1718.58 cm-1 declines from the drug mixture. The melting endotherm at 125.55°C of melting normalized energy of -3.0 W/mg and 225.75°C with melting normalized energy of -5.5 W/mg of the drug mixture on DSC. In the OGTT test, the blood glucose level decrease Linagliptin and the drug mixture at (13.58 %) and (57.25%). Conclusion: Hence, the concomitant administration of Linagliptin and Azithromycin at a time might reduce the therapeutic effect of the formation of complexation.

Experience in treatment of thermal burns in dogs

Burns take 3rd place among peacetime injuries and represent a major medical and veterinary problem [1]. Effective treatment of thermal burns in animals as well as prevention of post-burn complications are an important task for a veterinarian [2]. However the treatment of animal burns in veterinary medicine has not been sufficiently developed [3]. When prescribing treatment it is necessary to take into account the degree of burn, the area and depth of damage, the presence of complications, the general condition of the animal. It is important to know that with thermal burns not only local pathological and morphological changes occur, but also general changes on the part of various organs and systems in particular protein and water-salt metabolism is disrupted, toxins accumulate, the body's defenses are decreased, and burn exhaustion is developed. In this case the degree of the general reaction of the body directly depends on the depth and area of burns [4]. Therefore the treatment should provide for anesthesia, be aimed at combating infection and intoxication of the body, and also take into account the phases of the wound process and the peculiarities of their healing [5]. For the treatment of thermal burns in animals we have proposed two methods depending on the degree of burns: a bandage method for treating second-degree burns using a complex drug mixture No. 1 and a non-bandage method for treating third-degree burns using a complex drug mixture No. 2 in combination with a short novocaine blockade. Both have shown high therapeutic efficacy.

CT-guided Interventional Therapy of Back Pain – Predictors of Success in Treatment

Purpose The aim of the presented study was to investigate if distribution of the drug-contrast medium mixture in CT-guided periradicular therapy can predict intervention success. Materials and Methods Over a 15-month period, 97 patients admitted to our institution by a pain physician for CT guided periradicular therapy were treated. In 420 CT guided interventions, we measured the relative distribution of the drug mixture in relationship to the neuroforamen. The distribution was correlated to the patient’s pain score over time. In addition, dependence of success in treatment with regards to the treating physician was evaluated. Results Ninety percent of the patients experienced a decrease of pain score under therapy, only 10 % showed no change. On average there was an improvement in pain score from 7.4 (2–10) before therapy to 3.7 (0–9) at the end of therapy. We observed a weak correlation of –0.22 (p < 0.028) between distribution of drug mixture to the neuroforamen and reduction of pain score. The therapy outcome displayed a dependency regarding the treating physician (p < 0.0084). Conclusion CT guided periradicular therapy offers good pain reduction in most of the patients. Drug distribution near the affected nerve and treating physician are factors for clinical success. Key Points: Citation Format