Knowledge of Sufism and the Symbolic Interpretation of Paradise Garden Design Concept

As human beings we stand on the edge of two truths: the existing material world and the Spiritual being world. The knowing heart is the holy place, where these two dimensions meets and combined. In Sufi lessons the mortal heart of human is not an imaginary symbol but an objective organ of perception and intuition that reflect transcendent qualities in the world, for the assistance and help of other people. The Sufis, mystics of Islam, have been mentors of the heart for almost fourteen centuries. Their education and techniques purpose is to stimulate us and help us to wake up and clean the self for Divine love. Sufism is the spiritual dimension of Islam. According to Sufism, there are two aspects of Islam: the outer part, which consists of the Shari‘ah (the rules of Islamic law), and the inner part, so-called tariqah (the spiritual way). Together, these aspects lead one to haqiqah (the Truth). Sufism is another term for tariqah. This paper is an attempt to understand Sufism knowledge (true knowledge) and how this knowledge is related in world and with ChaharBagh (Garden of Paradise) concept, “symbolic interpretation of paradise garden” which is used by the Muslims in architecture. Sufism explains us that it is possible to understand the world beyond our thoughts. Those who dedicate themselves in Sufim exercise and practices eventually discover the state they can see things as real and true as they are or when you worship God as though you can see him.

SYMBOLIC CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE ORIGINAL CONCEPT SIGN

В статье исследуются аспекты вторичной символической концептуализации исходного смысла индоевропейского корня в сознании носителей языка. Основным инструментом вторичной (символической) концептуализации является метафора. В качестве иллюстрации рассматривается пример символической интерпретации первопризнака концепта земля. The article explores aspects of the secondary symbolic conceptualization of the original meaning of the Indo-European root in the consciousness of native speakers. The main instrument of secondary (symbolic) conceptualization is metaphor. As an example of a symbolic interpretation of the original concept sign, we analyze the concept earth. Based on the primary meaning of the Old Russian word «bearing on itself», the macroconcept earth was transformed into symbols of fertility, the birth-giving mother, the goddess, weaving the canvas of life.

On the Interpretation of Metaphors and Similes in the Psalms: subtilitas intelligendi – subtilitas explicandi – subtilitas applicandi

Based on the example of sacred Psalter explanations, the article examines numerous metaphorical descriptions with the intention to reconstruct the procedures and operations for extracting the spiritual meaning from the veil of the literal. According to the authoritative explanations in question, metaphors and figurative comparisons (similes) used by the psalm singer differ in their inherent meaning despite the coincidence in the semantic mechanism of transposition and the need for their subsequent transformation in interpretation. Some of them, in a poetic way, reflect David’s state of mind; others are filled with a deeper spiritual meaning. As a consequence, instructions for their interpretation become different. In the figurative-symbolic interpretation, explaining conditions for the choice of an auxiliary object, it is the nearest linguistic context that becomes an explanatory instruction; and when there is no such context it is the presumption of similarity by which X can be linked to Y in expressions like “God, the horn of my salvation” that serves this function. In the symbolic-allegorical interpretation, designed to explain metaphorical expressions at a different level of understanding, it is the presumption of spiritual meaning that becomes the instruction explaining metaphorical expressions in accordance with the rules of the Christian exegesis as a prefiguration of the New Testament history (in the typological reading), as a norm of moral behavior (in the tropological reading), and as the fulfillment of promises (in the anagogic reading). The basics for hermeneutics are implemented in the following way: subtilitas intelligendi, subtilitas explicanda, and subtilitas applicandi.

TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACES BASED ON THE SYMBOLIC INTERPRETATION OF ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

One of the important design topics is the formation of the urban environment based on modern comfort requirements, considering the historical content and identifying the special uniqueness of the place. The use of symbolic interpretation of characteristic elements of the environment: such as the earth's surface, various forms of relief, vegetation, water structures and small architectural forms when creating urban open areas allows to create a bright expressive image of public space. The application of this principle contributes to the strengthening of the information content of the historical urban environment and the creation of a special memorability of the transformed space. The use of symbolic compositions in urban space increases the figurative characteristics of the environment, revealing its individuality and consolidating its identity. The methods of transmitting certain information using signs and symbols to create stable visual priorities in the public environment are identified. It is noted that the methods of transformation of public spaces presented in the study provides increasing the figurative characteristics of environments without significant urban planning changes, to reveal its identity and to increase the environmental sustainability of urban space. Examples of the use of symbolic interpretation in the Russian and foreign experience of creating new public urban spaces are given.

Significance of Sindoor (Vermilion Powder) in Hindu Marriage Rituals

This paper aims to identify the significance of Sindoor or Vermilion powder (red in color) in Hindu cultural custom and in Hindu society. Sindoor is given to bride by groom on the occasion of marriage. Sindoor is given the gift by the groom to the bride in between the hair partings of married Hindu women have begun to start on the day of the marriage ceremony and the married woman. After then she considered as the wife of her husband and enters to the matrimonial life. Use of Sindoor in Hindu marriage practices signify socially culturally and even medically to order the gender disequilibrium society through the symbolic interpretation of cultural item and traditions, values, norms that are interwoven by religious bind with the member of Hindu orthodox society to sustain the patriarchal social structure. Sindoor also signify the hierarchy among the women world and the status changes when an unmarried wears a Sindoor in Hindu Society

Exodus in Matthew’s Looking Glass: Jesus’s Flight to Egypt (Matt 2:13–18) as a Reflection Story

Matthew’s placement of Hosea 11:1 – “Out of Egypt I called my son” – following the arrival of Jesus in Egypt has been largely misinterpreted by scholars as a “premature quotation.” The Old Testament’s expanded portrayal of a symbolic Egypt, the interpretative framework of the Social Identity Approach, and the recognition of Matthew 2:13–18 as a “reflection story” add the necessary keys for understanding Hosea 11:1’s placement. Old Testament exodus stories not only advance the possibility of a symbolic interpretation of Egypt in the citation, but they favor such an interpretation. The exodus allusions in Matthew’s story endorse this symbolic interpretation of Israel as the Egyptian Other. In the looking glass of the exodus, Matthew’s Flight to Egypt story reveals both the character of the Other and that of the story’s hero.

Gendhing, King, and Events: The Creation of Gendhing Panembrama During Pakubuwana X

Gendhing Panembrama was a creative and innovative product when Paku Buwana X reigned in the Negari Surakarta. Gendhing Panembrama emerged when the Dutch East Indies government imposed restrictions on political and economic activities in Karaton Surakarta. The restriction aimed to remove Paku Buwana X’s legitimacy from the political and economic side. Gendhing Panembrama became one of the symbols of Paku Buwana X’s resistance to the Dutch East Indies government policy. Resistance through the creation of Gendhing Panembrama resulted in the enforcement of the king of Surakarta’s sovereignty and legitimacy. This study aims to reveal the background of the Gendhing Panembrama creation and the events surrounding the Gendhing Panembrama creation. This study employed a historical approach and symbolic interpretation. From the study conducted, it was concluded that the creation of Gendhing Panembrama was a means for Paku Buwana X in maintaining his sovereignty and legitimacy. The intelligence of Paku Buwana X in managing the musical arts amid the political pressure of the Dutch East Indies government, in the end, could radiate his majesty, authority, and power and maintain the Javanese tradition of the Karaton Surakarta.

Makna Simbolik Musik Daak Maraaq dan Daak Hudoq dalam Upacara Hudoq Bahau di Samarinda Kalimantan Timur

The Symbolical Meaning Daak Maraaq Music and Daak Hudoq of Hudoq Bahau Ritual in Samarinda, East Borneo. The ritual of Hudoq is an annual cultural practice performed by Dayak Bahau people in the city of Samarinda. The performance of this ritual consists of some phases in which every phase of it represents the symbolical meaning closely related to the value of the ritual. Those phases are (1) Lemivaa Lalii’; (2) Hudoq Taharii’; (3) Lemivaa Tasam; (4) Hudoq Kawit; and (5) Hudoq Pakoq. Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq music and Hudoq dance are performed during the ritual. Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq are two different kinds of music, both have a different style of performance, stage of performance, and style of music. Due to its complexity, it becomes especially important to analyze the role of the symbolical meaning of music performed in the ritual of Hudoq. This is a qualitative research within an ethnomusicological approach—music within the cultural perspective—which is done through an analytical descriptive method. The theoretical approach used for this case study is symbolic interpretation and music (transcription) analyses. Despite analyzing the symbolical meaning of Daak Maraaq and Daak Hudoq music, this research is done to provide important information about musical analyses—within the ethnomusicological perspective—of that music. According to the data collected, the ritual of Hudoq has an important role in performing the symbolical meaning of the identical value of ritual, social, and existential meaning for the lives of Dayak Bahau people in Samarinda city, East Borneo.

Linguostylistic specifics of the pragmatical and symbolic realization of the English poetic discourse

The article examines linguostylistic specifics of the pragmatical and symbolic realization of the poetic discourse based on English. As the purpose of the work, we analyzed the use of linguistic means of symbolization in the English poetic discourse in the linguopragmatic aspect. The article discusses the importance of stylistic means in English for poetic influence on the addressee. In analyzing verses from pragmalinguistic side is necessary to show their stylistic peculiarities. We did a contextual analysis of poetic works at the text and hypotext levels using the method of symbolic interpretation, stylistic analysis, and linguopragmatic analysis. As the material of the study, we analyzed the poetic works of English poets. The theoretical significance of research results is to identify linguistic specifics of pragmatic and symbol realization of the poetic discourse in the English linguoculture. The study contributes to the development of discursive linguistics, pragmalinguistics, lexicology and stylistics of English, theory of linguistics, linguoculturology. In practical terms, results can be used in teaching the theory of discourse, pragmalinguistics, linguistic analysis of the poetic text, lexicology, and stylistics of English.