Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. This study assessed the level of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in some part of Nasarawa using the gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean concentration for 40K was 645.29 ± 07.32 Bq/kg, for 226Ra was 28.43 ± 4.8422 Bq/Kg and for 232Th was 66.84 ± 2.0201 Bq/Kg. The average effective dose due to the ingestion was 0.36±0.1µSv/y which was approximately 1000 times lower than the world average effective dose. Radium equivalent activity Raeq (Bq/kg), alpha index and total cancer risk were found to be 161.44±8.08 Bq/kg, 0.142±0.02 and (0.21±0.05) ×10-5 respectively. UNSCEAR/ USEPA stipulated that; radium equivalent activity, alpha index, effective dose and total cancer risk should not exceed the limit of 370 Bq/kg, unity, 300 µSv/y and 1 ×10-4 respectively. Hence the values obtained in this work were within the acceptable limits. This implies that the ingestion or inhalation of soil is not associated with any radiological risk of concern.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of heavy metals in selected rice samples sold on the Liberian market: a case study conducted in Paynesville City, Greater Monrovia

Background: Environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals can be lead to the possible contamination of rice. Rice is a staple food widely consumed in the urban and rural parts of Liberia daily. Rice is cultivated in approximately 113 countries and a fundamental source for energy and protein. Objective: The study assesses selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Se, and Cr) concentration in selected imported rice and traditionally grown rice and bulgur wheat in Liberia. Methods: Six grade of imported rice, Bulgar wheat, and traditionally grown rice were purchased from the Duport Road and Red-Light markets in Greater Monrovia and analyze using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. All data were analyzed using XLSTAT, and data was used to calculate the risk factor of each rice sample. Results: The mean concentration of heavy metal found in the rice as follow: As, 1.31ppm; Cd, 9.42ppm; Cr. 12.3ppm; Se, 5.73ppm; and Pb, 1.75ppm. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated in combination with the rice consumption data. The mean intakes of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb through rice were estimated to be 1.32, 9.42. 12.4. 5.74, and 1.75 mg/kg BW/day. Chromium has the average estimated daily intake. The combined hazard index for the heavy metals in each sample and the total cancer risk for each sample contributed most significantly to a cancer risk of rice consumption during adult life expectancy.Conclusion: The selected heavy metal concentration from the rice sample was above the FAO/WHO reference Standard but was within the range of the contaminant level except for chromium, which is above the accepted range. However, the hazard index and the total cancer risk indicate a potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk.

Adherence to Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern and Total Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort Study (P05-040-19)

Objectives This study examines the prospective association between adherence to a Mediterranean style dietary pattern and cancer risk among men and women in the Framingham Offspring (FOS) cohort. Methods The Mediterranean style dietary pattern (MSDP) score was derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire taken at examination visit 5 in the prospective FOS cohort. Subjects included 3199 participants (1703 women and 1496 men), aged 30 years old and older, who were free of prevalent cancer. The MSDP score was classified into tertiles and also dichotomized (MSDP score <22 vs. ≥22) used to evaluate the association between the MSDP and cancer risk through the ninth examination cycle. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for confounding by age, physical activity, body mass Index, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Factors found not to confound the effects of the MSDP were excluded from final models. Results During a mean follow-up of approximately 11.5 years, 377 and 273 cancer cases were documented among men and women, respectively. Women in the upper two tertiles of the MSDP score had a 25–30% lower cancer risks than women in the lowest tertile [(HR: 0.70, 95% CI:0.52–0.96 (tertile 2); HR, 0.75; 95% CI:0.56–1.00 (tertile 3)]. Effects in men were weaker [HR: 0.94, 95% CI:0.74–1.21 (tertile 2); HR, 0.90; 95% CI:0.68–1.17(tertile 3)]. The protective effects of higher MSDP adherence were stronger among non-smokers and former smokers than among current smokers. Compared with current smokers with a MSDP score < 22, non-smokers and former smokers with higher MSDP scores had approximately 43% and 39% reductions in total cancer risk, respectively (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43–0.75 for non-smokers with high MSDP; HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47–0.79 for former smokers with high MSDP scores).SDP scores). Conclusions In this large cohort study, higher adherence to MSDP was associated with reduced risk of total cancer, especially among women. Beneficial effects of the MSDP were also stronger among non-smokers and former smokers. Funding Sources N/A.

AIR POLLUTION RISK TO HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITIES SAMARA AND NOVOKUIBYSHEVSK

There are presented results of the analysis of a risk to public health of cities of Samara and Novokuibyshevsk. We assessed the content of harmful substances in the air at fixed stations located within the city boundaries on a well-ventilated area. The risk to health is calculated in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. During the period 2014-2015 we fixed the impurity concentration in excess of the average daily maximal permissible concentrations of carcinogens of the first and second classes of danger (benzo[a]pyrene and formaldehyde), as well as ammonia, which has a general toxic effect. The average concentration of phenol and formaldehyde within the territory of the city of Novokuibyshevsk were in the range of the average daily maximal permissible concentrations. Within the city of Samara in the air annual average concentrations of formaldehyde, only slightly exceeding the daily maximal permissible concentrations value of 1.39 in 2015 were registered. The total cancer risk to public health in the city of Samara as a whole for the period 2014-2015 amounted to 2.77·10-4, the total hazard index - 18.35. For the health of the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk the level of total cancer risk is equal to 1.37·10-4, the total hazard index - 14.64. Hexavalent chromium, formaldehyde and benzene seem to be main pollutants that form the total level of carcinogenic risk to public health in the cities of Samara and Novokuibyshevsk. Copper (I place ranking), contained in large quantities in the emissions of non-ferrous metallurgy is the priority chemical, forming the total index of the risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects in the population of the city of Samara and Novokuibyshevsk. Petrochemicals are related with the values of the total cancer risk and total hazard index unacceptable for public health in cities of Samara and Novokuibyshevsk and require planned measures aimed at improving the environment in the near future.