Post-Growth Geographies

Post-Growth Geographies examines the spatial relations of diverse and alternative economies between growth-oriented institutions and multiple socio-ecological crises. The book brings together conceptual and empirical contributions from geography and its neighbouring disciplines and offers different perspectives on the possibilities, demands and critiques of post-growth transformation. Through case studies and interviews, the contributions combine voices from activism, civil society, planning and politics with current theoretical debates on socio-ecological transformation.

Intra-Entrepreneurship as a Business-Renewal Strategy

The growth, transformation, and development of new economic sectors of a country can be determined from the entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial attitude manifests itself from different approaches, not only by the emergence of new companies, but also by decision-making and entrepreneurial activity, in certain situations. Business success can be attributed to the different influences, changes, and pressures caused by the environment, or to special characteristics of entrepreneurs, personal aspects, and environment. This chapter aims to analyze intra-entrepreneurship as a business renewal strategy, exploring the auto parts sector, through a qualitative study in a sample of companies in the auto parts sector in Colombia.

Epstein–Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 and B-cell growth transformation induces lipogenesis through fatty acid synthase.

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is the major transforming protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is critical for EBV-induced B-cell transformation in vitro. Several B-cell malignancies are associated with latent LMP1-positive EBV infection, including Hodgkin’s and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We have previously reported that promotion of B cell proliferation by LMP1 coincided with an induction of aerobic glycolysis. To further examine LMP1-induced metabolic reprogramming in B cells, we ectopically expressed LMP1 in an EBV-negative Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line preceding a targeted metabolic analysis. This analysis revealed that the most significant LMP1-induced metabolic changes were to fatty acids. Significant changes to fatty acid levels were also found in primary B cells following EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation. Ectopic expression of LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation induced fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased lipid droplet formation. FASN is a crucial lipogenic enzyme responsible for de novo biogenesis of fatty acids in transformed cells. Furthermore, inhibition of lipogenesis caused preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells and significantly hindered EBV immortalization of primary B-cells. Finally, our investigation also found that USP2a, a ubiquitin-specific protease, is significantly increased in LMP1-positive BL cells and mediates FASN stability. Our findings demonstrate that ectopic expression of LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, fatty acids and lipid droplet formation, possibly pointing to a reliance on lipogenesis. Therefore, the use of lipogenesis inhibitors could potentially be used in the treatment of LMP1+ EBV associated malignancies by targeting a LMP1-specific dependency on lipogenesis. Importance Despite many attempts to develop novel therapies, EBV-specific therapies currently remain largely investigational and EBV-associated malignancies are often associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, there is a clear demand for EBV-specific therapies for both prevention and treatment of viral-associated malignancies. Non-cancerous cells preferentially obtain fatty acids from dietary sources whereas cancer cells will often produce fatty acids themselves by de novo lipogenesis, often becoming dependent on the pathway for cell survival and proliferation. LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, a key enzyme responsible for the catalysis of endogenous fatty acids. Preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells following inhibition of FASN suggests that targeting LMP-induced lipogenesis could be an effective strategy in treating LMP1-positive EBV-associated malignancies. Importantly, targeting unique metabolic perturbations induced by EBV could be a way to explicitly target EBV-positive malignancies and distinguish their treatment from EBV-negative counterparts.

Realita Hambatan Pencatatan IAS 41 (Aset Biologis) Bagi UMKM Perikanan Dan Peternakan Di Jawa Timur

Biological assets are a unique type of asset, because they undergo growth transformation, and are able to produce an output. This transformation consists of the process of growth, degeneration, production and procreation that can cause a variety of changes qualitatively and quantitatively the life of the asset. This study aims to determine the problem of the reality of obstacles in the application of recording IAS 41 for SMEs fisheries and farming in East Java. Data collection was carried out through the Group Group Discussion (FGD) grouping technique. This data is then processed through three stages, namely: 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, 3) data analysis and drawing conclusions based on predetermined theories. The results showed that market prices that occurred in Indonesia could not be used as a basis for measuring the value of biological assets in some MSMEs fisheries and farming in East Java. This is because some MSME fisheries and farming actors in East Java are still doing their own estimates in accordance with the conditions of their biological assets. Thus, existing market prices give rise to unreliable information, which allows changes in estimates that differ from time to time according to the life of biological assets.

Entrepreneurial attitude and success in the Colombian auto parts sector

The growth, transformation and development of new economic sectors of a country can be determined from the entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial attitude manifests itself from different approaches, not only by the emergence of new companies, but also by decision-making and entrepreneurial activity, in certain situations. Business success can be attributed to the different influences, changes and pressures caused by the environment, or to special characteristics of entrepreneurs, personal aspects and environment. This article aims to analyze intra-entrepreneurship as a business renewal strategy, exploring the auto parts sector, through a qualitative study in a sample of companies in the auto parts sector in Colombia. The results conclude that despite the fact that intra-entrepreneurship is considered a strategic scenario for business renewal, Colombian auto parts companies do not promote their strategic development.

Epstein–Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 and B-cell growth transformation induces lipogenesis through fatty acid synthase

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is the major transforming protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is critical for EBV-induced B-cell transformation in vitro. Several B-cell malignancies are associated with latent LMP1-positive EBV infection, including Hodgkin’s and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We have previously reported that promotion of B cell proliferation by LMP1 coincided with an induction of aerobic glycolysis. To further examine LMP1-induced metabolic reprogramming in B cells, we ectopically expressed LMP1 in an EBV-negative Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line preceding a targeted metabolic analysis. This analysis revealed that the most significant LMP1-induced metabolic changes were to fatty acids. Significant changes to fatty acid levels were also found in primary B cells following EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation.Ectopic expression of LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation induced fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased lipid droplet formation. FASN is a crucial lipogenic enzyme responsible for de novo biogenesis of fatty acids in transformed cells. Furthermore, inhibition of lipogenesis caused preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells and significantly hindered EBV immortalization of primary B-cells. Finally, our investigation also found that USP2a, a ubiquitin-specific protease, is significantly increased in LMP1-positive BL cells and mediates FASN stability. Our findings demonstrate that ectopic expression of LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, fatty acids and lipid droplet formation, possibly pointing to a reliance on lipogenesis. Therefore, the use of lipogenesis inhibitors could potentially be used in the treatment of LMP1+ EBV associated malignancies by targeting a LMP1-specific dependency on lipogenesis.ImportanceDespite many attempts to develop novel therapies, EBV-specific therapies currently remain largely investigational and EBV-associated malignancies are often associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, there is a clear demand for EBV-specific therapies for both prevention and treatment of viral-associated malignancies. Non-cancerous cells preferentially obtain fatty acids from dietary sources whereas cancer cells will often produce fatty acids themselves by de novo lipogenesis, often becoming dependent on the pathway for cell survival and proliferation. LMP1 and EBV-mediated B-cell growth transformation leads to induction of FASN, a key enzyme responsible for the catalysis of endogenous fatty acids. Preferential killing of LMP1-expressing B cells following inhibition of FASN suggests that targeting LMP-induced lipogenesis could be an effective strategy in treating LMP1-positive EBV-associated malignancies. Importantly, targeting unique metabolic perturbations induced by EBV could be a way to explicitly target EBV-positive malignancies and distinguish their treatment from EBV-negative counterparts.