Identification and research of factors affecting the optimal distribution of well flow rates in space

The paper discusses and research the factors affecting the filtration rate to reduce stagnant zones in the domain and spreading outside the block under consideration. The main hydrodynamic factors in production by In-Situ Leaching are the distribution of permeability in the reservoir and well flow rates. The study of the factors was carried out on the basis of mathematical models using Darcy Law and Law of Conservation of Mass. Calculation was accomplished on a two-dimensional area with an isotropic and non-uniform permeability distribution to determine the effect of permeability on the leached area. The permeability coefficient was distributed respectively over three zones, in the southern part the permeability was low, in the central transition from low to high, respectively, in the northern part there was a highly permeable zone. Three wells were located in the domain, with the production well in the center of the domain. Injection wells are located symmetrically with respect to a horizontal line passing through the center of the area under consideration. The calculation was carried out for three modes of well flow rates with the ratio of the flow rates of the injection wells 0.5 / 0.5, 0.2 / 0.8, 0.8 / 0.2 relative to the flow rate of the production well. On the basis of comparative analyzes of the obtained results, it is concluded that: at the same flow rates, regardless of the permeability of the zones, the results obtained show that the leaching area in the low-permeability zone is larger in comparison with the high-permeability zone; with an increase in permeability, the shape of the leaching zone tends from round to drop-shaped; with an increase in the flow rate of wells in the radius of the leaching zone, it increases if the flow rate of solutions is much higher than the filtration rate.

Adjustment of Couples to the Transition to Retirement: The Interplay of Intra- and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Daily Life

Background: Retirement is a central transition in late adulthood and requires adjustment. These processes not only affect the retired individuals but also their romantic partners. The aim of this study is to investigate the interplay of intrapersonal emotion regulation (rumination) with interpersonal regulation processes (disclosure quality). Furthermore, the associations of daily retirement-related disclosure with adjustment symptoms in disclosing and the listening partner will be investigated. It is expected that the effects of disclosure alter after providing the couples with a self-applied solitary written disclosure task in order to support their intrapersonal emotion regulation.Methods: In this dyadic online-diary study, 45 couples (N = 45) with one partner perceiving the adjustment to a recent retirement as challenging reported rumination, perceived disclosure quality (repetitive, focused on negative content, hard to follow, disclosing partner open for common/authentic), retirement-related disclosure, and ICD-11 adjustment symptoms preoccupation and failure to adapt were assessed at the end of the day over 14 days. In the middle of this assessment period, couples performed a modified online-expressive writing about their thoughts and feelings regarding the transition to retirement.Results: The double-intercept multilevel Actor–Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) reveal that on days with more daily rumination, the spouse perceived that disclosure of the retiree is more difficult to follow, more negative, and repetitive. In contrast, the retiree perceived less authenticity and openness to comments during disclosure on days when the spouse reports more rumination. Retirement-related disclosure showed no within-couple association with failure to adapt but actor effects on preoccupation. Moreover, a partner effect of disclosure of the retirees on the preoccupation of spouses could be observed. This contagious effect of the retiree disclosure, however, disappeared during the week after writing.Conclusion: Our results support the notion that disclosure processes are altered during maladaptive intrapersonal emotion regulation processes. This in turn seems to lead to less effective interpersonal regulation and contagious spilling over of symptoms.Supporting intrapersonal emotion regulation seems to have the potential to allow more favorable interpersonal regulation processes and to free interpersonal resources for an individual adjustment. This has implications for further planning of support for couples facing life transitions and aging-related changes.

Observational Study on the Variability of Mixed Layer Depth in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea in the Summer of 2019

Based on the high-resolution CTD data from 58 stations in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea in the summer of 2019, the mixed layer depth (MLD) was obtained according to the density difference threshold method. It was verified that the MLD could be estimated more accurately by using a criterion of 0.125 kg/m3 in this region. The MLD in the Bering Sea basin was larger than that in the Bering Sea shelf, and both of them were smaller than that in the Bering Sea slope. The MLD increased northward both in the Chukchi Sea shelf and the Chukchi Sea slope. The farther northward, the greater the difference between the MLD calculated from temperature (MLDt) and the MLD calculated from density (MLDd) was, and the more important the role of salinity was in determining the MLD. The larger MLD (refer to MLDd specifically) in the Bering Sea slope might be due to the enhancement of mixing caused by the Bering Slope Current (BSC) and eddies. The horizontal advection of the Bering Sea Anadyr Water and the Alaska Coastal Water in the Bering Sea shelf led to the shallower MLD in the central transition zone. The northward increase of the MLD in the Chukchi Sea might be related to the low-salinity seawater resulting from the melting of sea ice in summer. The spatial variation of MLD was more closely related to the surface momentum flux than the sea surface buoyancy flux, and the wave had little effect.

High-sensitivity Gd³⁺–Gd³⁺ EPR distance measurements that eliminate artefacts seen at short distances

Gadolinium complexes are attracting increasing attention as spin labels for EPR dipolar distance measurements in biomolecules and particularly for in-cell measurements. It has been shown that flip-flop transitions within the central transition of the high-spin Gd3+ ion can introduce artefacts in dipolar distance measurements, particularly when measuring distances less than 3 nm. Previous work has shown some reduction of these artefacts through increasing the frequency separation between the two frequencies required for the double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiment. Here we use a high-power (1 kW), wideband, non-resonant system operating at 94 GHz to evaluate DEER measurement protocols using two stiff Gd(III) rulers, consisting of two bis-Gd3+–PyMTA complexes, with separations of 2.1 nm and 6.0 nm, respectively. We show that by avoiding the -12→12 central transition completely, and placing both the pump and the observer pulses on either side of the central transition, we can now observe apparently artefact-free spectra and narrow distance distributions, even for a Gd–Gd distance of 2.1 nm. Importantly we still maintain excellent signal-to-noise ratio and relatively high modulation depths. These results have implications for in-cell EPR measurements at naturally occurring biomolecule concentrations.

High sensitivity Gd³⁺-Gd³⁺ EPR distance measurements that eliminate artefacts seen at short distances

Gadolinium complexes are attracting increasing attention as spin labels for EPR dipolar distance measurements in biomolecules and particularly for in-cell measurements. It has been shown that flip-flop transitions within the central transition of the high spin Gd3+ ion can introduce artefacts in dipolar distance measurements, particularly when measuring distances less than 3–4 nm. Previous work has shown some reduction of these artefacts through increasing the frequency separation between the two frequencies required for the Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) experiment. Here we use a high power (1 kW), wideband, non-resonant, system operating at 94 GHz to evaluate DEER measurement protocols using two rigid Gd(III)-rulers, consisting of two [GdIII(PyMTA)] complexes, with separations of 2.1 nm and 6.0 nm, respectively. We show that by avoiding the |−1/2⟩ → |1/2⟩ central transition completely, and placing both the pump and the observer pulses on either side of the central transition, we can now observe apparently artefact-free spectra and narrow distance distributions, even for a Gd-Gd distance of 2.1 nm. Importantly we still maintain excellent signal-to-noise ratio and relatively high modulation depths. These results have implications for in-cell EPR measurements at naturally occurring biomolecule concentrations.

Relocalization switch in a triple quantum dot molecule in 2D

A symmetric chain of three quantum dots (i.e., one of the simplest quantum dot molecules) is constructed using a three-parametric non-separable version of an asymptotically separable sextic polynomial potential [Formula: see text]. The probability density [Formula: see text] (admitting either the central or off-central dominance) is assumed measured. A dynamical regime is found with an enhanced sensitivity of the central—off-central transition to the parameters. Quantitatively, the possibility of control of such a switch alias “relocalization catastrophe” is illustrated non-numerically.