Study of migration of radioactive elements in clay layers during the burial of radioactive waste

In 2015, Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) signed an agreement to host a low-enriched uranium bank in Ust-Kamenogorsk. In 2019, several batches of enriched uranium were delivered to Kazakhstan and the bank began operations at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant. When transporting and disposing of radioactive elements, there is a need to reduce this possibility by limiting the transfer of uranium from underground storage to underground water. Therefore, in this article, a study was conducted on the migration of radioactive elements in clay layers during the disposal of radioactive uranium waste. There are now many underground repositories (for some types of radioactive waste). These systems are based on different underground container structures for different geological formations. For underground repositories located in geological environments where enriched uranium can migrate, other system components must reduce this possibility by preventing or limiting uranium mobility. This work investigates the process of convective transport of radioactive elements, in a moist soil layer through the installation of an additional natural clay barrier layer, the migration of radioactive elements during safe disposal, the effect of diffusion and convection through the solid waste layer.

Formation of service information in telemetry systems with data compression

In telemetry systems, using irreversible data compression, several message generation methods can be used. In the channel output packet, there may be several code words defining its composition. They can be combined and arranged in a strictly defined sequence. Such a data packet is a constant or variable length code combination, wherein the constant length of the packet is generated in the case of a predetermined and unchanged amount of information at the data output interval, and the variable is otherwise generated. The channel data packet can then be treated as a single whole: provide it with address information about the source of the message, information about the time interval at which the packet was formed, to bind significant samples to time, additional check symbols and codes to increase interference immunity of transmission, or to form a packet structure in the same way. Address, time and synchronization information in the literature is called overhead. The need to transmit overhead information reduces the efficiency of the transceiver systems. Therefore, the problem of reducing the volume of service information is extremely urgent.

Using satellite images to assess the state of arable fields on the example of the East Kazakhstan region

This article proposes a methodology for assessing the state of arable fields based on the use of Sentinel 2 satellite data. The essence of this methodology is cluster analysis of NDVI vegetation index profiles for a number of years, as well as expert analysis of the obtained results. The proposed method for assessing the state of arable fields has been tested on the example of arable lands of East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station LLP. This method can be used to optimize crop placement.

Mathematical model of the stress-strain state of a rod with an inhomogeneous layered structure

The stress-strain state (SSS) of a rod with an inhomogeneous layered structure is considered. On the basis of a brief review and analysis of the current state of research of rod systems, the relevance of the study of the SSS of layered-heterogeneous wooden structures is substantiated, taking into account the presence of different resistance of layers to tension and compression. On this basis, the authors solve the problem of determining the SSS of layered-heterogeneous wooden rods in creep conditions, where factors such as humidity and temperature, as well as the difference in the resistance of wood layers to stretching and compression are taken into account. When solving the problem, the mechanical-sorption creep of wood is also taken into account.

Identification and research of factors affecting the optimal distribution of well flow rates in space

The paper discusses and research the factors affecting the filtration rate to reduce stagnant zones in the domain and spreading outside the block under consideration. The main hydrodynamic factors in production by In-Situ Leaching are the distribution of permeability in the reservoir and well flow rates. The study of the factors was carried out on the basis of mathematical models using Darcy Law and Law of Conservation of Mass. Calculation was accomplished on a two-dimensional area with an isotropic and non-uniform permeability distribution to determine the effect of permeability on the leached area. The permeability coefficient was distributed respectively over three zones, in the southern part the permeability was low, in the central transition from low to high, respectively, in the northern part there was a highly permeable zone. Three wells were located in the domain, with the production well in the center of the domain. Injection wells are located symmetrically with respect to a horizontal line passing through the center of the area under consideration. The calculation was carried out for three modes of well flow rates with the ratio of the flow rates of the injection wells 0.5 / 0.5, 0.2 / 0.8, 0.8 / 0.2 relative to the flow rate of the production well. On the basis of comparative analyzes of the obtained results, it is concluded that: at the same flow rates, regardless of the permeability of the zones, the results obtained show that the leaching area in the low-permeability zone is larger in comparison with the high-permeability zone; with an increase in permeability, the shape of the leaching zone tends from round to drop-shaped; with an increase in the flow rate of wells in the radius of the leaching zone, it increases if the flow rate of solutions is much higher than the filtration rate.

Sentiment analysis of users reviews in Facebook: comparison of TEXTBLOB and DOSTOEVSKY libraries

This article examines the work of two Python libraries TextBlob and Dostoevsky for determining the sentiment of reviews in Russian. The TextBlob library does not directly provide sentiment analysis of texts in Russian, but it has the ability to transfer such texts to the input of the Google Translate translator, in order to then evaluate the polarity of these texts based on the generated English translations. The second Dostoevsky library was created specifically for sentiment analysis of texts in Russian and is trained on the largest Russian-language sentiment corpus RuSentiment, which contains more than 30 thousand manually annotated messages. To compare these libraries, this article uses real feedback from residents of the city of Nur-Sultan about the quality of life in the capital, including about the activities of city services and the housing and communal sector, the work of service facilities, education, health care, culture, etc., posted on public Facebook groups. The results of the sentiment analysis carried out are evaluated using generally accepted metrics of accuracy, completeness and F-measure and demonstrate a slight superiority of the Dostoevsky library.

Aviation simulator software, typical functions and its development prospects

Flight simulators have been used for more than eighty years. The development of aircraft simulators that simulate the pilot’s work in the cockpit, the conditions of take-off, flight, landing, as well as the work of the dispatcher to train and maintain the professional level of aviation specialists is being addressed worldwide[1]. Training complexes can be divided into several parts, one of which is software. The instructor’s workstation software allows him to set various parameters of take-off, flight and landing conditions, as well as monitor and control the simulator subsystems. The article discusses typical functions of simulator software and prospects for the training development on flight simulators.

DIGITAL MODELS OF STEADY MODES OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS BASED ON INVERSE CHARACTERISTICS

Methods and algorithms of digital models for describing and solving the calculation of steady-state hydraulic regimes of heat supply systems, a modified nodal model for calculating the flow distribution,using the method of a new approach to forming a system of equations of nodal heads, in which not direct, but inverse characteristics of passive and active elements of the pipeline network are used. The result of the analysis of the numerical efficiency of the contour and nodal models based on the developed information-graphic system is presented.

Сompactness of one class of fractional integrating operator with variable upper limit

The paper establishes a characterization of the compactness for fractional operators of a general class, including the Riemann-Liouville, Hadamard and Erdelyi-Kober operators. The paper considers an integral fractional integration operator of Hardy type with nonnegative kernels and a variable limit of integration (a function as the upper limit of integration) and under certain conditions on the kernel, a criterion of the compactness in weighted Lebesgue spaces is obtained for this operator, when the parameters of the spaces satisfy the conditions Moreover, more general results are obtained for the weighted differential inequality of Hardy type on the set of locally absolutely continuous functions that vanish and infinity at the ends of the interval, covering the previously known results, and more precise estimates for the best constant are given. The localization method, Schauder’s theorem, the Kantorovich test, and the theorem on the uniform limit of compact operators were used in the proof of the main theorem. The obtained results of the study the compactness of fractional integration operators can be used in the estimation of solutions of differential equations that model various processes in mathematics. In particular, these results yield new results in the theory of Hardy-type inequalities.

Research and analysis of carsharing service

The article is devoted to the research and analysis of the car-sharing service. Great attention is paid to the literature review, and different business models suitable for building a car-sharing service are examined. Based on existing business models for different types of car sharing, the authors have justified and presented a new business model canvas. Another focus of the article is the study of the legal aspects for the establishment of a carsharing service in Kazakhstan, as well as the analysis of potential risks and methods for their management.