QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT ON SPACIOUSNESS OF INTERIOR SPACE

Spaciousness is an important quality of space which is affected by both the volume of space and the lighting environment. This study’s aim is to create the calculation model to quantify the effect of lighting environment on spaciousness. 3D luminance mapping, which is the combined data of luminance of surface and its distance to the observer, is used for the analysis of lighting environment, because we hypothesized that the three-dimensional localization of light affects the spaciousness. From the result of a subjective experiment to evaluate spaciousness with different lighting environment, it is revealed that spaciousness can be quantified from average luminance and “Dark-part-reduced visible volume” which is the reduced visible volume according to the distribution of dark pixels in the 3D luminance mapping. We also compared average illuminance of whole image and of ceiling, walls, floor, and concluded that the whole average illuminance best describes the effect.

Towards Managing Visual Pollution: A 3D Isovist and Voxel Approach to Advertisement Billboard Visual Impact Assessment

Visual pollution (VP) is a visual landscape quality issue, and its most consistently recognized symptom is an excess of out of home advertising billboards (OOHb). However, the VP related research concerns landscape aesthetic and advertisement cultural context, leaving the impact of outdoor billboard infrastructure on landscape openness unanswered to date. This research aims to assess the visual impact of outdoor billboard infrastructure on landscape openness, precisely the visual volume—a key geometrical quality of a landscape. The method uses 3D isovists and voxels to calculate the visible and obstructed subsets of visible volume. Using two case studies (Lublin City, Poland) and 26 measurement points, it was found that OOHb decreased landscape openness by at least 4% of visible volume; however, the severe impact may concern up to 35% of visual volume. GIS scientists develop the proposed method for policy-makers, and urban planners end users. It is also the very first example of compiling 3D isovists and voxels in ArcGIS Pro software in an easy-to-replicate framework. The research results, accompanied by statistically significant proofs, explain the visual landscape’s fragility and contribute to understanding the VP phenomenon.

A System for In-Line 3D Inspection without Hidden Surfaces

This work presents a 3D scanner able to reconstruct a complete object without occlusions, including its surface appearance. The technique presents a number of differences in relation to current scanners: it does not require mechanical handling like robot arms or spinning plates, it is free of occlusions since the scanned part is not resting on any surface and, unlike stereo-based methods, the object does not need to have visual singularities on its surface. This system, among other applications, allows its integration in production lines that require the inspection of a large volume of parts or products, especially if there is an important variability of the objects to be inspected, since there is no mechanical manipulation. The scanner consists of a variable number of industrial quality cameras conveniently distributed so that they can capture all the surfaces of the object without any blind spot. The object is dropped through the common visual field of all the cameras, so no surface or tool occludes the views that are captured simultaneously when the part is in the center of the visible volume. A carving procedure that uses the silhouettes segmented from each image gives rise to a volumetric representation and, by means of isosurface generation techniques, to a 3D model. These techniques have certain limitations on the reconstruction of object regions with particular geometric configurations. Estimating the inherent maximum error in each area is important to bound the precision of the reconstruction. A number of experiments are presented reporting the differences between ideal and reconstructed objects in the system.

Effects of Noise on Accuracy, Visible Volume, and General Response Production for Human Subjects

40 subjects were required to perform the task of stroking out the letters ‘e’ in a type-written passage for nine minutes under conditions of no noise or continuous 95-dB “white” noise or 95-dB “white” noise presented in a regular time pattern or 95-dB “white” noise presented in an irregular time pattern. The noise conditions made no difference to the performance of the task except during the second 3-min. interval of the 9-min. period when patterned noise had an inhibitory effect on the volume of material scanned but a facilitatory effect on accuracy of performance.