Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions

Objective. To determine the application value of the mono-exponential model, dual-exponential model, and stretched-exponential model of MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in breast cancer (BC) lesions. Methods. Totally 64 cases with BC admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were enrolled in this study. They had 71 lesions in total, including 40 benign tumor lesions (including 9 breast cyst lesions) and 31 malignant tumor lesions. After DWI examination, with normal glands as control, mono-exponential model (ADC) map, dual-exponential model (Standard-ADC) map, slow apparent diffusion coefficient (Slow-ADC) map, fast-apparent diffusion coefficient (Fast-ADC) map, and stretched-exponential model (DDC) map were processed, and corresponding values were generated. Then, the situation and significance of each parameter in breast cysts, benign breast tumor lesions, and malignant tumor lesions were analyzed. Results. The values of ADC, Standard-ADC, and DDC of breast cysts were higher than those of normal glands (all P < 0.05 ), and the values of ADC and DDC of benign breast tumor lesions were lower than those of normal glands ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, malignant breast tumor lesions had lower values of ADC, Standard-ADC, Slow-ADC, and DDC and a higher Fast-ADC value compared to normal glands (all P < 0.05 ). Compared with benign tumor lesions, malignant tumor lesions had lower values of ADC, Standard-ADC, Slow-ADC, and DDC and a higher value of Fast-ADC (all P < 0.05 ). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-based analysis revealed that all the above models could be adopted to effectively evaluate the deterioration of benign breast tumor lesions (all P < 0.05 ), and DDC value had the most significant diagnostic effect on malignant tumor lesions ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Both dual-exponential model and stretched-exponential model of DWI can help effectively evaluate the progression of benign breast tumors, and the stretched-exponential model is more effective in the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors. These models are of great help to the future clinical diagnosis of BC.

The role of Ghrelin Receptor Expression in the Diagnosis of breast cancer

To determine the possible role of the assessment of Ghrelin receptor expression in breast tissues as a tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer and differentiate it from a benign breast tumor. A case-control study was done on 60 female patients with breast cancer and 60 female patients with benign breast tumors (Fibroadenoma) who were recruited from Al Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City and Oncology teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2018 and December 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was done on the breast tissue samples obtained from patients and compared with the control group, which comprised 75 fibrocystic tissue samples obtained from age, BMI and sex-matched females. The degree of Ghrelin Receptor expression was determined immunohistochemically. The expression of Ghrelin receptors in breast malignant tumor tissues was higher than that in benign breast tumor tissues and controls, in addition to that, results obtained from all groups revealed that Ghrelin receptor intensity and its expression proportion were strongly and significantly associated with the type of tissues. The expression of the Ghrelin receptor can be considered as a highly significant immunohistochemical marker for the detection of breast tumors and for the differentiation between both types of tumors; benign and malignant.

Oral Contraception Use in Benign Breast Tumor Patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital

The growth of breast tumors is influenced by estrogen and progesterone hormones. One source of this hormone is hormonal contraception, including oral contraception which still in demand by Indonesian women. This study wants to identify oral contraception use in patients with benign breast tumors. This used descriptive study with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using the total sampling method in patients with benign breast tumors according to ICD 10 D-24 which was confirmed by FNAB examination at the POSA Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital between 2015-2017. Fifty three case of benign breast tumor were found with dominant characteristics at the age of group 40-49 years old (47.2%), had a breastfeeding history (50.9%), multiparous woman(64.2%), mean of menarche age at 13.28 years old and fertile periode women (83.0%). The most common type of benign tumors found were fibrocystic change. Patients who used oral contraceptives were 24.5% with an average length of use for 8 years 2 months, while another 75.5% used non-hormonal contraception or did not use any contraception. So the conclusion is majority of patients with benign breast tumors do not use oral contraception. Keywords: benign breast tumor; oral contraception; estrogen

Jamu as Alternative Therapy to Improve Quality of Life (QoL) of Benign Breast Tumor Patients at Rumah Riset Jamu “Hortus Medicus”

Women with benign breast tumors could experience decreased in quality of life (QoL) due to pain and fear over the disease. This study aimed to investigate the QoL outcome in benign breast tumor patients who receive alternative treatment with jamu. A total of 26 female patients who came to Rumah Riset Jamu (RRJ) "Hortus Medicus" Tawangmangu in the period of September-December 2013 with complaints of breast tumor and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. They were given Jamu formula for breast tumor and drank its water infusion twice daily for 16 weeks. Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores was measure at baseline, middle and the end of study. SF-36 is a tool to assess the QoL that has been widely used in health research. The mean scores of SF-36 is elevated in middle and the end of study compare to baseline. There were significant differences between the mean scores before and after treatment (paired t test, p< 0,05). The results showed that Jamu had the potential to improve quality of life in patients with benign breast tumor.Keywords : benign breast tumor, Jamu, QoL, SF-36