Porokeratosis: An enigma beginning to unravel

Porokeratosis is a keratinization disorder with unclear etiopathogenesis, varied clinical presentation and characteristic histopathology, and is usually unresponsive to current therapeutic options. Until now, it was considered to be a clonal disorder with immunity, ultra violet radiation and other factors playing important roles in etiopathogenesis. It is now known that abnormalities in the mevalonate pathway are responsible for this clonal keratinization abnormality. New variants of porokeratosis like eruptive bullous, pruriginous, lichen planus like, follicular variants and porokeratoma have been described. While the cornoid lamella is the classical histopathologic feature, dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy make the diagnosis clearer. Development of malignancy in a few variants is a concern. Linear, disseminated superficial actinic and giant lesions are most prone to developing malignancies. Bowen’s disease, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and even melanoma have been reported in cases of long-standing porokeratosis. Newer modalities of therapy such as photodynamic therapy, ingenol mebutate and HMGCoA inhibitors may play a role in the future.

Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis: A Placental Histopathologic Feature in Vertical Transmission of Maternal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Introduction/Objective Vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been reported as a rare occurrence. The purpose of this study is to identify any specific placental histopathologic abnormalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compare differences between mothers with symptomatic and asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and determine the frequency of vertical transmission. Methods/Case Report Placentas from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy and delivered at Stony Brook University Hospital were identified. A control group of mothers with a negative COVID-19 test was selected from the same period. The frequency of histopathologic characteristics defined by the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus was compared using chi-square tests between the following cohorts: COVID-19 positive mothers against COVID-19 negative mothers and symptomatic COVID-19 mothers against asymptomatic COVID-19 positive mothers. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) A retrospective study reviewed 23 placentas from mothers with COVID-19 for features of maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, and inflammatory changes. 11 mothers displayed symptomatic COVID-19, and 12 mothers were asymptomatic. One neonate tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. No significant differences were identified in the frequency of the examined placental histopathologic characteristics between COVID-19 positive and negative mothers. The degree of COVID-19 severity did not significantly impact the frequency of examined histopathologic features. Interestingly, in the case with vertical transmission, the placenta demonstrated the only finding of chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) with associated trophoblast necrosis. Conclusion Comparing across groups based on COVID-19 status, this study found no specific placental histopathologic features associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of symptom severity. However, in one case of vertical transmission, CHI was a unique histopathologic feature. These findings are consistent with the current literature. Further large-scale investigations are needed to establish additional patterns of specific placental histopathology, incidence and contributing factors of vertical transmission of COVID-19, and the impact of CHI in future pregnancies of affected women.

Rigetto anticorpo-mediato nel trapianto di rene: fisiopatologia, clinica e terapia

Introduction. Over the past two decades, our thinking has changed from considering rejection as primarily a T-cell mediated process to the realization that insufficient control of the humoral arm of a recipient’s immune system is the factor primarily responsible for the allograft dysfunction and loss. Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplantation is a severe complication that frequently occurs after transplantation and is due either to pre-transplant Donor Specific Antibodies (DSAs) or to de novo DSAs. New techniques to detect DSAs in the recipient serum and advances in the assessment of graft pathology have allowed us to recognize this entity in recent years. Methods. The treatment of ABMR is a multistep process consisting in the desensitization of the patients with preformed antibodies to prevent acute ABMR: in case of acute ABMR, the antibodies are removed from the serum and anti-B cells immunosuppressants are used. Results and Discussion. Along with our knowledge on acute ABMR, a distinct entity has been recognized: the chronic AMBR. Chronic ABMR is a frequent cause of late graft dysfunction and is characterized by a typical histopathologic feature. The treatment is often difficult and new drugs are now tested to control the disease.

Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Pasca Perlakuan Iskemia-Reperfusi Ginjal

Ischemic-reperfusion injury is defined by a condition of hypoperfusion in the spesific organ followed by reperfusion(reoxygenation) inducing tissue damage. Tissue damage produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidativestress condition. Oxidative stress mediate the lipid peroxidation reactions, harm the cell and finally facilitate the celldeath. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic feature of white rat’s pancreas post renal ischemiareperfusion.This study was an experimental laboratory research with post-test-only control group design including 20male white rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups, control, treatment 1 (45 minutes ischemia), treatment 2 (45 minutesischemia followed by 1 hour reperfusion), treatment 3 (45 minutes ischemia followed by 2 hours reperfusion) andtreatment 4 (45 minutes ischemia followed by24 hours reperfusion). We found the change of the histopathologicalcharacteristics of white rat’s pancreas in term of edema, leukocyte infiltration and vacuolization.

THE DESCRIPTION OF HISTOPATHOLOGY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AT RSUP.H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN

Breasts are an important organ for women. Breasts can experience various disorders or diseases, bothserious and mild disease. Among these are breast cancer which is one of the most dreaded breastabnormalities. Breast cancer is a cancer that comes from the gland, glandular, and breast supporttissue.Breast cancer has been known to attack only women. In fact, malignant tumors are also biased alsoagainst men. The histopathologic feature is a diagnostic feature of breast cancer. The purpose of this studywas to determine the histopathologic description of Breast Cancer at RSUP.H.Adam Malik. The sample inthis study is all breast cancer patients who have been diagnosed by doctors who visit the RSUP.H.AdamMalik (Population). The research method used is descriptive of taking secondary data in medical record atRSU.H.Adam Malik. The results of this study can be seen that of 60 breast cancer patients who do biopsy,the majority of patients have histopathology of breast cancer invasive Ductal Carcinoma as much as 31people (51.66%) and Invasive Breast Cancer Nos Type of 29 people (48.34%).