Posisi Tawar Permendikbud Nomor 27 dan Urgensi Pendidikan Agama dalam Satuan Pendidikan

<p class="StyleAuthorBold"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Permendikbud Nomor 27 Tahun 2016 merupakan kebijakan yang dibuat untuk memfasilitasi penganut aliran kepercayaan agar mendapatkan hak pendidikan beragama dan berkeyakinan. Namun, praktiknya masih ditemui banyak kendala yang menghambat implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Kendala-kendala terlihat dari aspek kelembagaan, layanan, dan pemahaman <em>stakeholder</em> terkait. Hal tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan seberapa efektifkah mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama bagi generasi muda. Kajian yang ditulis bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi efektivitas Pendidikan Agama yang praktiknya mengarahkan peserta didik menjadi lebih eksklusif, termasuk dalam hal pendidikan kepercayaan. Masalah tersebut apabila dibiarkan akan menimbulkan ekses negatif kedepannya. Penulis merekomendasikan perubahan ke arah yang inklusif dalam kerangka pendidikan multikultural.</p><p> </p><p class="StyleAuthorBold"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 27 of 2016 is a policy made to facilitate adherents of religious beliefs to get the right to education in religion and belief. However, in practice, there are still many obstacles that hinder the implementation of this policy. This obstacle can be seen from the institutional aspect, the service aspect, and the understanding aspect of the relevant stakeholders. This raises the question of how effective Religious Education subjects are for the younger generation in the current context. This paper aims to elaborate on the effectiveness of Religious Education which in practice directs students to be more exclusive, including in this case faith education. This problem if left unchecked will lead to negative excesses in the future. So this paper recommends a change to an inclusive direction within the framework of multicultural education.</em></p>

ECONOMIC GROWTH: HISTORICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

The article deals with the features of the socio-economic development of Russia, the issues of state intervention in the economy. Based on the analysis of the historical development of the post-socialist transition countries, it is shown that different countries with transit economies are characterized by special trajectories of entrepreneurship development. The importance of ethical, cultural and institutional factors in the implementation of entrepreneurship, the important role of traditions of economic behavior that explain the specifics of the longterm development trajectory of Russia is emphasized. For the countries of the post-socialist transition, the possibility of ensuring sustainable economic growth is determined by the different civilizational history at the previous stages of development and the need to form a modern institutional environment that promotes socioeconomic changes. In many ways, the factors influencing economic growth are the low level of innovation activity and competitiveness, as well as the growing influence of the state on the economy, the increase in its share due to the growth in the number and scale of state-owned companies, which limits the potential of Russian entrepreneurs within the framework of the domestic market. The main challenge to overcome dependence on previous development trajectories and prospects for long-term economic growth will be the formation of entrenched political institutions of civil society, guarantees of property rights, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, freedom of trade and the absence of strict state regulations.

INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY IN MILITARY UNIVERSITIES

Оборонные возможности государства напрямую зависят от уровня научного обеспечения нужд армии, что предполагает необходимость активной исследовательской деятельности в ряде направлений: от разработки стратегических и тактических схем до технических разработок, направленных на совершенствование современных систем вооружения. В этом контексте большую актуальность приобретает вопрос эффективности институтов, обеспечивающих непосредственно научную деятельность в оборонной сфере, а также подготовку перспективных ученых. В статье производится рассмотрение специфики организации научной деятельности в военных вузах, что включает как анализ научно-исследовательских разработок, осуществляемых в рамках высших учебных заведений, так и условия подготовки перспективных научных кадров. Рассматриваются механизмы вовлечения учащихся и преподавательского состава в научную деятельность. Анализируются ключевые мотивы научной деятельности, присутствующие на уровне преподавательского состава военных вузов. Рассматриваются проблемы и перспективы развития научной деятельности в рамках военных учебных заведений. Специфика предлагаемого подхода подразумевает сопоставление сущностных компонентов деятельности, заложенной в содержание института армии и образования. Научная и образовательная деятельность, таким образом, является именно тем компонентом, который позволяет вооруженным силам развиваться, совершенствоваться в направлении подготовки специалистов высокого уровня, повышать эффективность работы кадрового состава военнослужащих. При этом обозначенный методологически системный подход позволяет выявить институциональную включённость взаимодействия армии и образования. Представленная статья ориентирована на сущностный анализ факторов повышения эффективности военной научной мысли. В качестве теоретической и методологической основы статьи выступает классический структурный функционализм. The defense capabilities of the state directly depend on the level of scientific support for the needs of the army, which implies the need for active research in a number of areas: from the development of strategic and tactical schemes to technical developments aimed at improving modern weapons systems. In this context, the question of the effectiveness of institutions providing directly scientific activities in the defense sphere, as well as the training of promising scientists, becomes more urgent. The paper examines the specifics of the organization of scientific activity in military universities, which includes both the analysis of research developments carried out within the framework of higher educational institutions, and the conditions for the training of promising scientific personnel. The authors explore mechanisms for involving students and teachers in scientific activity and analyze key motives of scientific activity at the level of teaching staff of military universities. Problems and prospects for the development of scientific activity within the framework of military educational institutions are considered. The specificity of the proposed approach implies a comparison of the essential components of the activity laid down in the content of the institute of the army and education. Scientific and educational activity, therefore, is precisely the component that allows the armed forces to develop, improve in the direction of training high-level specialists, and improve the effectiveness of the military personnel. At the same time, the identified methodologically systematic approach allows us to identify the institutional inclusion of the interaction of the army and education. The presented paper is focused on the essential analysis of factors of increasing the effectiveness of military scientific thought. The theoretical and methodological basis of the publication is classical structural functionalism.

Evaluation of Post-Construction Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta

The Special Region of Yogyakarta Government took one step to improve access to proper sanitation for the community through the Communal WWTP. There are four communal WWTP procurement programs in Sleman District: Community-based Sanitation, Urban Sanitation Rural Infrastructure (USRI), Special Allocation Fund and Community-based Environmental Sanitation. After the Communal WWTP was built and operated, various problems indicate the Communal WWTP has not run optimally after construction. Therefore, this study evaluated thirteen Communal WWTPs in Sleman District after construction was carried out. The aspects reviewed in this study were the administrator institutional and the management’s performance using the scoring method. The evaluation results based on the administrator institutional aspect and the management’s performance showed that Ambarketawang WWTP had less performance with a total score of 16. At the same time, other WWTPs got the optimal category with a total score more than equal to 25. These results indicate that the Community-Based Environmental Sanitation procurement program was considered less than optimal because the Ambarketawang WWTP did not keep Communal WWTP documentation and had no maintenance Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). The administrators did not also understand the main tasks and functions as administrators.

A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia

This paper provides an overview of the implementation and obstacles of watershed management, and the alternative solutions based on a synoptic review of related studies and experiences across Indonesia. The review found that problems in the institutional aspect were hierarchical confusion, discrepancy, and asynchrony among regulations, and weak (participation, synchronization, and coordination) among watershed management stakeholders. The weaknesses in the planning stage are integration among sectors, a lack of community participation, and limited readiness to integrate watershed planning into regional planning. Stakeholders’ involvement is also a critical factor in successful implementation of degraded watershed rehabilitation, including in peatland and mangrove areas. Failure should be minimized by providing adequate information on degraded watershed characteristics, appropriate species choices, and effective mechanical construction for soil and water conservation. Community participation as the main factor in driving watershed management should be achieved by strengthening public awareness of the importance of a sustainable watershed and providing access for the community to be involved in each stage of watershed management. Another problem is data gaps which are essential to address from the planning to evaluation stages. The gaps can be bridged by using remotely sensed data and by applying hydrological-based simulation models. Simplified criteria for watershed assessment may also be required, depending on site-specific issues and the watershed scale.

Analisis Kinerja Koperasi Melalui Pemeringkatan Koperasi Berdasarkan Permenkop No. 21/Per/M.KUKM/IX/2015

The rating is one of the performance assessments of cooperatives. To find out the ranking of the Multipurpose Joint Venture Cooperative in 2020 is the purpose of this study. The assessment is based on PERMENKOP and SMEs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/Per/M.KUKM/IX/2015 concerning Rating of Cooperatives. This research is evaluation research. The types of data used in this study are qualitative and quantitative data, the data sources in this study are primary and secondary. The subjects of this research are the administrators, supervisors, members of KSU Statuegilan. The object of this research is the ranking result of KSU Statuegilan. Collecting data using interview techniques, documentation and questionnaires. The assessment of KSU Sculpture uses ranking as an Evaluation Model. This study shows the results that: (I) In terms of the institutional aspect of the cooperative obtained a score of 720, (II) In terms of the business aspect, the cooperative obtained a score of 112.5 (III) In terms of the financial aspect of the cooperative obtained a score of 197.5, (IV) In terms of Aspects of the benefits of cooperatives to the community get a score of 11. From the accumulated results, a performance assessment score is obtained in terms of the five aspects that have been carried out, KSU Statuegilan obtained a score of 1,076. The score is in the range of scores of 1,000 to 1,200 so that KSU Statuegilan is included as a cooperative with "Berkualitas" qualifications with AAB predicate.

The Russian economy's creative and innovative potential realization environment: The institutional aspect

Subject. This article looks into the social consequences of the digital transformation of the economic system. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the innovative and creative potential of the national economy and analyze the institutional conditions associated with the socio-cultural specifics of Russia. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical, structural, and comparative analyses. Results. The article finds that there is a need to take a number of measures to form an optimal system of institutions, which should support creative research potential, innovative production, and ways of commercial implementation of innovations. Conclusions. Russia's creative economy sector innovative development and growth depend largely on a favorable institutional environment.

Administrative-legal means of legal regulation prevention of corruption in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to define the concept and features of administrative and legal means of legal regu-lation of corruption prevention. It is substantiated that the administrative and legal means of preventing corruption is an integral part of legal reg-ulation. The use of these funds is conditioned by the goals of preventing corruption, which are divided into strategic and tactical. The essence of administrative and legal means of preventing corruption is considered in accordance with the regulatory, institutional, instrumental, normative, managerial, activity and state-centered approaches. Ac-cording to the regulatory aspect, administrative and legal means of preventing corruption are understood as a means of streamlining public relations and a way for the subjects of anti-corruption activities to exercise their powers. In the institutional aspect, these means should be understood as a set of bodies and their officials determined by legis-lative and subordinate legal acts, whose powers include the prevention of corruption, as well as the competence of these entities. In the instrumental aspect, administrative and legal means of preventing corruption are technologi-cally legal techniques and methods of implementing administrative and legal regulation in the studied area, as well as algorithms for the application of these techniques and methods. In the normative aspect, the investigated means represent a hierarchically structured set of legislative and subordinate legal acts, including international legal acts that have been ratified, approved or adopted in accordance with the established procedure. In the managerial aspect, administrative and legal means of preventing corruption are a set of managerial actions and decisions of a nation-wide, sectoral and intradepartmental nature aimed at creating organizational, personnel, financial, material and other conditions for the effective prevention of corruption by the subjects of this activity. In the activity aspect, the investigated means represent a set of legal and extra-legal actions of the subjects of preventing corruption, aimed at achieving the goals and objectives set in the anti-corruption program documents in accordance with the established deadlines and stages. The state-centered aspect encompasses a set of ways to preserve the interests of the state, which include preventing corruption in comparison with the interests of a number of officials to preserve their right to privacy of information about their property, income and expenses, to combine some positions and professions, and the like.The set of administrative and legal means, united by specific goals of law enforcement and directed by the will of the subject of legal relations, is an organic part of administrative and legal regulation. However, the phenomenon of administrative-legal regulation is not limited to administrative-legal means, its integral parts are also the purpose, principles, methods, and also other elements that are distinguished by various researchers.

Regional Funds of Scientific and Innovation Activity Support: Institutional Aspect

Shaping innovation economy in Russia stipulates passing-over from traditional partial models to system-integrated models of development accompanied by building institutional vector of succession of federal and regional institutions. A special role in processes of interaction between state, business and science is entrusted to institutions of development, which are to foster knowledge generation and successful practices of innovatization. The article studies specific features of scientific and innovation activity support funds, which help realize measures aimed at stimulating and raising efficiency of the scientific and innovation sector on the regional level. State support of institutions of development and science was analyzed and experience of such funds in the Krasnoyarsk area, Tatarstan, Perm area, Smolensk region was investigated as they demonstrate positive dynamics and adequacy in principle lines of functioning. Problems and drawbacks of these funds' work were systematized by 4 large groups: institutional and legal, finance and economic, organizational and managerial and social ones. On the basis of this analysis measures aimed at improving the organizational efficiency of funds and upgrading the regional innovation environment were identified. A conclusion was drawn about the necessity to intensify state and non-state support of fundamental and applied research, to stimulate setting-up of collaborative partnerships in order to raise scientific, technological and innovation competences in regions in view of solving strategic tasks of development.

Systemic Principles for Improving Strategic Management: Institutional Aspect

Improving the management of social and economic development is now a pressing issue. First of all, the strategic component attracts attention, the importance of which is particularly increased in connection with the objectives of the implementation of national projects, which should have a significant impact on the achievement of key social development goals. The institutional aspect is an important part of the process of improving strategic governance. This is because such basic strategic management elements as targeting and identifying problems, as well as developing (adoption) of a solution, are heavily influenced by institutional factors. The methodological grounds are formed by the important principles and categories of general system theory (ES) of: social and economic development (SDS), structuring of the socio-economic system (SES), targeting, analysis of problems in the development of SES, the system of management of these processes. This work is addressed to researchers specializing in strategy analysis, planning processes and management of social and economic development strategies.