This introductory chapter introduces James Long, an Anglo-Irish missionary who was active in schoolbook production and fascinated by Bengali literature, who published A Catalogue of Bengali Newspapers and Periodicals from 1818 to 1855. As the author of this text, he was in a good position to argue, two years later, that had the British paid more heed to the discontent on view in Indian periodicals, they might have prevented the 1857 Rebellion. With such argument, the chapter unveils the impact of the 1857 Rebellion into the Press and Registration of Books Act of 1867, an official acknowledgment of the power of the Indian press, and how it metastasized into a full-fledged culture of surveillance. It investigates how politics and affect became “officially” (legally) coupled at a crucial historical juncture, and the wide-ranging effects of this coupling on politics, literary culture, and ideas of criticism. The chapter also focuses on what British administrators thought Indian affect was, how they sought to control it and the effects this had on print culture and the colonial public sphere. For this reason, the chapter uses the words “affect” and “emotion” interchangeably, reflecting the way they were used in colonial courtrooms, as prosecutors sought to find evidence and proof of disaffection. Ultimately, it analyses the way censorship influenced conceptions of the public sphere and of the politics of empire.