Modern cultural initiatives in the social typology of a personality

Актуальность статьи обусловлена процессами цифровизации, которые происходят в образовании, бизнесе и отражаются на обществе в целом. Цель работы заключается в исследовании социальной типологии личности на основе конвергентной культуры. Конвергентная культура в данной работе рассматривается как культура, вмещающая в себя как старые традиции, так и влияние нового информационного коммуникативного пространства. В этих условиях изменяется социальная типология личности людей, появляются новые типы личности, что ведет к внутреннему изменению социального общества, в целом. Рассматриваемые социальные типы личности в данной статье были классифицированы на основе новых культурных инициатив 21 века: появления Интернета, расширения информационного коммуникативного пространства, внедрения новых мульмедийных технологий, массового увлечения видеоиграми и бурного развития современной фантастической литературы, появления фанатских сообществ. Новое поколение молодых людей, выросшее в этих условиях, имеют отличительные взгляды на жизнь, обладают другой системой ценностей и живут в своей системе координат. Предложено новое определение цифрового типа личности как индивидуальности, владеющей информационными технологиями, которые создают и трансформируют образы мира и жизненные реалии человека. Доказано, что изучение социальной типологии, в условиях конвергентной культуры, позволит определить новые вектора развития общества, вызовы, с которыми придется столкнуться новому поколению в образовательном процессе, межличностных отношениях, социальной и профессиональной сферах. Actualizing article is determined by the digitalization processes that take place in education, business and are reflected in a society as a whole. The purpose of the work is to study the social typology of personality based on a convergent culture. In this research the author considers the term of “convergence culture” as the culture including old traditions and at the same time developing new, informational communicative space with its influence on making up of personality. In these terms, social typology of personality is changed, new types of personality are appeared and it leads to internal changing society in whole. Considered social types of personality in this article were formed under the impact of new cultural initiatives of 21 century: the advent of the Internet and fan communities, extension of informative and communicative space, new multimedia technology pushing, the total infatuation by video games and the rapid development of modern science fiction literature. The new generation of young people who grew up in these conditions have a distinctive outlook on life, have a different system of values and live in their own system of coordinates. A new definition of the digital personality type is proposed and considered as the individuality, possessing information technologies, which create and transform world images and vivid actuals of a person. It has been proved that studying social typology of a personality in the terms of “convergence culture” allows to determine news vectors of developing society, challenges, which new generation will have to implement in educational process, interpersonal relations, social and professional spheres.

Broadcast Journalism of Private Radio in Cirebon, Indonesia, in the Convergence Era

Convergence is a deep integration of knowledge, tools, and all relevant areas of human activities. As an inevitable condition, convergence has also changed a lot of aspects of mass media at the international, national, and local levels. This study elaborates how the local radios in Cirebon, namely Sindangkasih FM, Suara Gratia FM, and Cirebon Radio, are adapting to the convergence culture. This study seeks to demonstrate how the convergence culture can affect private broadcast media, which are not in the epicentrum of media in Indonesia. This study indicates that these three private radios in Cirebon have tried to adapt to the convergence culture in minimally three aspects, namely structural, information coverage, and news presentation or storytelling convergence. The structural convergence happened at the organizational structure of the radio, in which more direct and fluid coordination in the newsgathering and writing processes is applied. At the news coverage level, reporters and scriptwriters are responsible for managing news content for old radio broadcasts and new online media as well. At the news presentation level, the news is not only broadcasted but also reported on new online channels, such as websites and social media. These convergences have further created a more convergent newsroom, including integrating journalism workflows, applying multiskilled journalism and resource sharing, using various technological tools, creating interactivity with the audience, and expanding the audience reach. Keywords: journalism, convergence, broadcasting, interactivity, radio

Established and Alternative Literary Criticism: A Study of Marguerite Duras’s Works Reviewed in Sweden

The article examines recent reviews of Marguerite Duras’s works in Sweden. A corpus of reviews published in the Swedish press has been collected (here called “established criticism”), and this material is compared to and contrasted with reviews published on the Internet, on personal blogs and homepages (in the study labelled as “non-established criticism”). The non-established literary criticism published on the Internet represents a somewhat new phenomenon, insomuch as it constitutes a parallel to the traditional reviews published in the “old” press – such as printed daily newspapers, literary magazines, etc. It also presents the interpretations and opinions of “ordinary” readers, and by that I refer to people who do not occupy a position of power in the field of cultural production. This category of readers did not have access to the literary debate before the democratization of information and communication technology, i.e., personal computers with high-performance Internet connection, smartphones, IPads, etc. In that respect, reviews written and published by non- established critics represent a new facet of literary criticism. Recent studies show the importance of opinions expressed by bloggers in the modern economy, where the “e-commerce” phenomenon has been soaring for quite some years. Hence, all publishing houses today must keep an eye not only on what the established critics in the old media have to say about the products, but they must also be increasingly aware of the opinions expressed by amateur critics in the blogosphere. The narratives studied in this article have crossed several borders. First, Marguerite Duras’s works have been translated from French to Swedish, which means that the texts have been transformed to fit a new linguistic and cultural context. Secondly, the examined corpus does not only come from established critics, but it also contains reviews that originate from the less explored territory of the blogosphere. The study is inspired by concepts such as convergence culture and participatory culture, popularized by media researcher Henry Jenkins, among other scholars. In a culture where old and new media tend to converge, the consumer of literature (and other products) has the opportunity to be an active participant in the construction of meaning and value – for instance by publishing literary reviews on the Internet. Thus, the notion of prosumer (neologism created by merging “producer” with “consumer”) is used with reference to this somewhat new actor in the world of commerce – and, indeed, in the world of reader-response research.