Implementasi Arkeologi Alkitabiah (Biblical Archaeology) Dalam Hermeneutik Sebagai Metode Penafsiran Alkitab

Biblical archaeology has very important roles in the method of hermeneutic interpretation to obtain an accurate, valid, precise and accountable interpretation of the Bible. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study concludes that biblical archaeology in hermeneutics has the implementations as a tool to reveal the historical context and cultural meaning of a text by understanding the archaeological relationship with the biblical text, as a tool to identify the text to adapt its content to the context of the Ancient Near East through the identification of historical, cultural, social, and religious issues provided by archaeological data, as a tool to build the construction of biblical-archaeological exegesis by combining both of data sources through critical thinking to adjust archaeological data with biblical data, as a tool control for context history and a tool produce more accurate historical information for listeners for more accurate application.Abstrak Arkeologi alkitabiah dalam metode penafsiran hermeneutik untuk mendapatkan penafsiran Alkitab yang akurat, valid, teliti dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sangat penting. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literature, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa arkeologi alkitabiah dalam hermeneutik memiliki implementasi sebagai alat untuk mengungkap konteks historis dan makna budaya sebuah teks dengan memahami hubungan arkeologi dengan teks Alkitab, sebagai alat untuk mengidentifikasi teks untuk menyesuaikan kontennya dengan konteks Timur Dekat Kuno melalui identifikasi sejarah, budaya, sosial, dan masalah-masalah keagamaan yang disediakan oleh data-data arkeologi, sebagai alat membangun konstruksi eksegesis alkitabiah-arkeologis dengan menggabungkan kedua sumber data tersebut melalui pemikiran kritis untuk menyesuaikan data arkeologi dengan data alkitabiah, sebagai alat kontrol untuk konteks sejarah dan alat menghasilkan informasi historis yang lebih akurat bagi pendengar agar penerapan lebih akurat.

Brought to Ruin

Chapter 3 examines the impact of biblical archaeology on the production and reception of the Doré Bible, arguing that the recuperations of historical fragments are consistent with broader societal anxieties. Questions surrounding the Bible’s historical credibility (propelled by Enlightenment rationalism) prompted new, ostensibly scientific investigations of biblical sources and sites. Archaeological excavations in the Middle East and North Africa revealed fragments of ancient pasts that engendered new approaches to the representation of biblical subjects. These fragments, the often problematic manner in which they were appropriated into Doré’s illustrations, and the popular reception of the images reveal a distinct anxiety about the narratives of biblical civilizations and what they presage about the present and future. The illustrations speak to the circumstances of French interests and the status of the nation in an era wrought by repeated revolutions that seemed as potentially catastrophic as the events of the Bible.

Unknown pages of the state of sheba history in the context of modern and biblical archaeology

In the Sheba state, 2 thousand years before the emergence of Islam, there was a monotheistic doctrine unknown to science, whose supporters were called the first Arabian prophets (hanifas) and actually equated with Muslims. This conclusion was obtained using the modern methodology of cognition — fractal approach, hermeneutics methods, logic-semantic analysis, abdication, etc. The results of the study showed, that at the end of the 15th century ВС the Egyptian religion of the Sun ('Monism) was perceived in the Sheba state, where King Yataamar ruled, and became the spiritual basis of this 157 civilization. After the conflict with the state of Israel (loth century ВС), the Queen of Sheba was forced to recognize the power of King Solomon and his religion. During the revival of this state in the VIII century ВС, Atonism was again declared the official religion until the V century ВС. This religious doctrine, which arose during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten (1436—1402 ВС), did not disappear shortly after his death (according to modern Egyptologists), and today is represented in the beliefs of the Mandei community (southern Iraq) and their scripture by Jinze.

Archimandrite Leonid’s (Kavelin) contribution to biblical archaeology

Among Russian researchers of Palestine, there is the name of Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) (1822–1891) who was a prominent church figure of the second half of the 20th century and was mainly known for his guide to the Holy Land. How ever, other aspects of his scientific research in Palestine have not been revealed or examined yet. Moreover, his major archaeological discovery has gone completely unnoticed both in foreign and national science. The article deals with the main areas of Father Leonid’s research, which is thematically related to the Holy Land. One of these areas for him was always the study of Christian shrines and antiquities of Old Jerusalem. The author of the article highlights the scholar’s special interest in the history of Eastern monasticism. For the first time, the author summarizes the experience of Father Leonid’s archaeological expeditions to the northern, eastern and southern regions of Palestine, which became the second most important center of Eastern monasticism in ancient times. Special attention is also paid to the scholar’s important discovery — the location of the Pharan Lavra founded by Saint Chariton the Confessor in En Prat in the 4th century. The history of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land was of paramount importance for Father Leonid. As an archaeographer, he focused on studying the monuments of pilgrimage literature, a major part of which was dedicated to the descriptions of shrines and antiquities of Old Jerusalem. The author notes the scholar’s significant contribution to the creation of a source-study base of research, the development of textual study and paleography, and the development of methods for studying pilgrimage writings. An analysis of the scholar’s most significant studies related to the Palestinian theme makes it possible for the reader to better understand the contribution of Father Leonid to biblical archeology at the early stage of its formation as an independent branch of theology.