Preliminary Map Showing Quaternary Geology of the Trafalgar 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana

The Trafalgar 7.5-minute quadrangle is situated near the maximum limit of Wisconsin Episode glacial deposits insouthwestern Johnson County. Till of Wisconsin Episode age (Trafalgar Formation) dominates the surficial geology of thequadrangle. Minor areas of Wisconsin Episode outwash and colluvium are found in valleys and former meltwater pathways.Kame deposits (sand and gravel) are found in the northeast part of the quadrangle and are part of a larger kame complexpresent in central Johnson County. Holocene (post-glacial) alluvium is found in the valleys of the North and South Prongsof Stotts Creek and tributaries. It is also found in two tributary valleys (Barnes Creek and Goose Creek) of Indian Creek inthe southwestern sector of the quadrangle. Unconsolidated sediment thickness generally increases from west to east acrossthe quadrangle, from less than 15 ft along the western margin of the quadrangle to over 150 ft thick in the east-central part ofthe quadrangle. The west to east transition of bedrock topography represents the buried northern end of the KnobstoneEscarpment. Based on water well data, the bedrock topography of the western half of the quadrangle is highly variable (reliefof ca. 75 ft), similar to that of the bedrock-dominated topography immediately to the south in Brown County. Thequadrangle is underlain entirely by Mississippian Borden Group bedrock. The Wisconsin Episode maximum limit is locatedless than one mile south of the southern boundary of the quadrangle. Radiocarbon ages from an exposure along Lick Creeksouth of Trafalgar indicate the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent just after 23,700 years ago. A second glaciallimit, marked by the Crawfordsville Moraine, crosses the quadrangle from northwest to southeast. TheCrawfordsville Moraine represents the limit of a readvance which occurred 21,700 years ago. This preliminary geologic mapis an interim geologic map product that documents progress in mapping the Quaternary geology of Johnson County,Indiana. The lithologic classification of the Quaternary units of Indiana was used in assigning map units.

Preliminary Map Showing Quaternary Geology of the Franklin 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana

The Franklin 7.5-minute quadrangle is situated near the maximum limit of Wisconsin Episode glacial deposits insoutheastern Johnson County. Till of Wisconsin Episode age (Trafalgar Formation) dominates the surficial geology of thequadrangle. Areas of Wisconsin Episode outwash (Atherton Formation) are found in the Sugar Creek, Youngs Creek, andHurricane Creek valleys and within former meltwater pathways not occupied by modern streams. Kame deposits (sand andgravel) are found in the northern half of the quadrangle and are part of a larger kame complex present in central JohnsonCounty. Holocene (post-glacial) alluvium is found in the valleys of Sugar, Youngs, Nineveh, Buckhart, and Ray Creeks andtributaries. Unconsolidated sediment thickness generally increases from southwest to northeast across the quadrangle, fromless than 15 ft along the southwestern margin of the quadrangle to over 200 ft thick in the far northeastern corner of thequadrangle. This transition of bedrock topography represents the buried northern end of the Knobstone Escarpment. Twosignificant bedrock paleovalleys exist in the quadrangle, one in the south-central part of the quadrangle which parallels theburied Knobstone Escarpment and one in the northeast corner of the quadrangle which is part of a large bedrock valleyextending north into Marion County. The Quaternary sediments in the western half of the quadrangle are underlain byMississippian Borden Group siliciclastic rocks. In the eastern half of the quadrangle, the Devonian New Albany Shale andMuscatatuck Group carbonate rocks subcrop under thick Quaternary sediment cover. The Wisconsin Episode maximumlimit is located within one mile south of the southern boundary of the quadrangle. Radiocarbon ages from the adjacentTrafalgar 7.5-minute quadrangle indicate the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent just after 23,700 years ago. Asecond glacial limit, marked by the Crawfordsville Moraine in the adjacent Trafalgar 7.5-minute quadrangle,crosses the southern end of the Franklin 7.5-minute quadrangle, albeit diffuse. The Crawfordsville Moraine represents thelimit of a readvance which occurred 21,700 years ago. This preliminary geologic map is an interim geologic map product thatdocuments progress in mapping the Quaternary geology of Johnson County, Indiana. The lithologic classification of theQuaternary units of Indiana was used in assigning map units.

Conflict in Suburbia

This chapter offers an account of developments on the Kansas side of the border, focusing specifically on the rise of the Shawnee Mission School District. Johnson County became known for the high quality of its schools and attracted the greatest concentration of college-educated adults in the area. This came to represent a significant advantage with respect to the performance of local schools. The district encountered difficulties, however, in achieving consolidation, as wealthy patrons in fashionable communities rejected proposals to join with less-affluent residents in other parts of the area. An act of the legislature eventually forced creation of the district—the only one in the state to require this step. This episode reflected the effects of localism within the suburban context, where status distinctions between communities could make common interests difficult to recognize or acknowledge.

Uniting and Dividing a Heartland Metropolis

This chapter introduces metropolitan Kansas City as the site for a case study to examine the dynamics of suburban development and its implications for educational inequality. Following the lead of its city manager Perry Cookingham, Kansas City, Missouri, undertook an aggressive program of annexation to foreclose the negative effects of suburban development on the central city, expanding its boundaries substantially. Cookingham's plan did not include annexation of school districts, however, and as a result the enlarged municipality contained all or parts of more than a dozen districts, a development that would have important consequences. At the same time, suburbanization resulted in population shifts across the area, with affluent and college-educated adults settling in suburban communities, especially in Johnson County, Kansas. This too would have important educational consequences, giving suburban schools on the Kansas side of the state line a particular advantage in terms of academic attainment and achievement. It also relegated the schools of Kansas City, Missouri, to a range of problems associated with concentrated poverty and declining revenues.

Diane Gilliam Fisher

Although Diane Gilliam Fisher’s family migrated after World War II from the Appalachian Mountains to Columbus, Ohio, where she was born and reared, they maintained strong ties to Mingo County, West Virginia, and Johnson County, Kentucky. Fisher earned a PhD in Romance languages and literature from Ohio State University and an MFA from Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, North Carolina, before settling into her professional life as a poet....