Chapter 5 takes up our responsibility to understand other persons. Gadamer, as I argue, holds that the ethical stakes of our relations with others are directed not at the other person in isolation from other others (to borrow a well-known turn of phrase from Levinas). Rather, for Gadamer, our relations to others take shape precisely in the larger context of the shared world in which we find ourselves and one another. Thus, for Gadamer, our responsibility to understand others is epitomized first of all by our relation to what he, in reference to Aristotle, designates as relations of friendship. From this viewpoint, our responsibility to understand others is not only a relation of ‘I and thou,’ but marks a transition to our relations in a larger world. Building on Gadamer, I argue that our responsibility to other persons is to enact and cultivate the capacity to see the other in his or her difference from us, to come to understand and care for the other in our respective and also shared commitments, and, in this manner, to help the other understand herself and her life context otherwise and even better.