Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment

We study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.

Use of music during vaginal birth and caesarean section: an interprofessional survey

Purpose Evidence abounds about the beneficial effects of music on patients and healthcare professionals for many medical indications. This study aimed to evaluate the dissemination and use of music in the obstetrical setting. Methods Invitations to an online survey were sent to physicians and midwives of all obstetrics departments in Germany. The survey gathered descriptive data as well as information about the personal relation to music and the use of it during vaginal birth (VB) and caesarean section (CS) and whether data about positive or negative effects of music were known to the participant. Results In total, there were 293 respondents. The 47% that had the means to play music during CS stated that music was played in 15% of the cases. Most respondents have the means to play music during VB (97%). Music is played in 38% of VB. Regardless of the mode of delivery, music was estimated to be positive for team communication and patient communication. It was also deemed calming and mood lifting on the respondents. Regarding the patient, music during CS and VB was rated as being positive on all scales. Listening to music was recommended more often during VB (66%) than CS (38%). Conclusions Although healthcare professionals are mostly aware of the beneficial effects of music in obstetrics, our study shows that music plays a more important role during VB than during CS in Germanys obstetrical wards. There is a lack of equipment to play music in operation theatres where CS take place.

Makna Persahabatan Sebuah Tinjauan Dari Perspektif Filsafat

This article is meant to be a philosophical reflection on the meaning of friendship. As evident from its sub-titles, the article is divided into four parts. First, it deals with the notion of friendship, in which the genuine friendship, or in Aristotle’s term called the perfect form of friendship, is distinguished from the egoistic or the imperfect forms. Referring to Aristotle’s account of friendship, the perfect form of friendship is a friendship in which each friend values the other for their own particular qualities, for their own sake, for their virtuous character and not for the pleasure or utilities they can provide. The imperfect forms of friendship usually do not last long, because the tie of friendship will get loose and finally dissolved when it does not bring either pleasure or utilities each friend wants. Second, following Aristotle, I try to explain why friendship is considered important for human happiness. Third, the element of right and duty that get involved in the personal relation of friendship is being addressed. Finally, due to the increasing importance of online communication nowadays, especially during this pandemic corona virus outbreak, I would like also to address the opportunities and challenges of online friendship or the relation of friendship mediated by social media. In this regard, the opportunity to foster online friendship is bigger under the model of moral friendship according to Kant and Kierkegaard in which universal love is emphasized, and Nietzsche’s model in which the agonistic nature of friendship is highly valued, than under the Aristotle’s model.

A Critical Reflection of Martins Buber’s Philosophy of Education and its Relevance in the New-State

The aim of this essay is to examine the relevance of I and Thou through the lens of Martins Buber’s philosophy of education. The fundamental problem is that the educational system in the new-states like Nigeria is in need of re-orientation. Owing to this, policy formulators and educational practitioners need to see education in relational terms with regards to its relevance, implementation and its methodology together with the ends which education wishes to serve to as a facilitator of societal development. The method of critical analysis is useful to facilitate the re-orientation exercise. Findings show that Buber’s philosophy of education as embedded in the idea of I and Thou encourages interaction among individuals which are integral to the flourishing of positive relationship between the educational system and the community. Consequently, the paper attempts to unveil how this value position could impact positively on the Nigerian educational system in a bid to avert its decline. Buber’s I-Thou (You) relationship opens avenue for encounter in which people could engage with each other fully through dialogue. The education is based on authentic relations between teachers and learners where knowledge that is not imposed by the teacher is the basis of true pedagogy. In Buber’s idea of “I and Thou (You)”, personal relation should tend beyond individualism and collectivism for the future generations. The knowledge of self should be first and foremost: learners must be taught to explore their two autonomous instincts: the originator and the communion. Buber explains that the goal of the learner is to turn objective knowledge into active knowledge which helps in self actualization in the relational world.

Is healthcare-seeking with gynaecological alarm symptoms influenced by personal and professional relations? A Danish population-based, cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo identify the personal and professional relations of women experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms, to analyse if involving a personal relation is related to healthcare-seeking with gynaecological alarm symptoms, and to analyse if having an available social network is associated with involvement of this relation.DesignWeb-based, population-based, cross-sectional questionnaire survey.SettingThe general population in Denmark.ParticipantsThe study invited 100 000 individuals randomly drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System. Pregnant women and women who did not answer relevant questions about social network were excluded. A total of 5053 women who experienced at least one gynaecological alarm symptom were included in the study.Primary and secondary outcomes(1) Personal and professional relations that women experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms involve; (2) the association between involving a personal relation and healthcare-seeking; and (3) the association between having an available social network and involvement of this relation.ResultsThe general practitioner (GP) was the most involved professional relation, while the spouse/partner was the most involved personal relation. When experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms, more than 50% of women did not involve a professional relation and 20% did not involve a personal relation. For all four gynaecological alarm symptoms, the odds of involving the GP were higher in the oldest age group. Women were two to seven times more likely to involve their GP if they had personal relation involvement. No statistically significant association was found between having an available social network and involving the GP.ConclusionInvolving a personal relation in healthcare-seeking was associated with increased involvement of the GP, who consequently was the most involved professional relation when experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms. Spouse/partner was the most involved personal relation. The oldest age group had the highest odds of involving the GP. No association was found between having an available social network and involving the GP.

Problematyka relacji osobowych w ujęciu Janusza Korczaka w odniesieniu do wychowawców i nauczycieli. Rekonstrukcja teoretyczno-empiryczna

Janusz Korczak’s works and pedagogical activities can be perceived on different levels. This text is a proposal of the analysis of Korczak’s achievements in the context of building personal relation-ships in the process of educating with respect to alumni and teachers-educators. In Conclusions the created reconstruction of the way Janusz Korczak understood mutual relations was interpreted in the context of the idea of dialogical personalism. It is a theoretical and empirical article based on Korczak’s works, the materials collected during a visit to Korczakianum. The method applied in this reconstruction was the fusion of the analysis of selected works and the open interview with the managers of this research lab.

Predicting the Visual Focus of Attention in Multi-Person Discussion Videos

Visual focus of attention in multi-person discussions is a crucial nonverbal indicator in tasks such as inter-personal relation inference, speech transcription, and deception detection. However, predicting the focus of attention remains a challenge because the focus changes rapidly, the discussions are highly dynamic, and the people's behaviors are inter-dependent. Here we propose ICAF (Iterative Collective Attention Focus), a collective classification model to jointly learn the visual focus of attention of all people. Every person is modeled using a separate classifier. ICAF models the people collectively---the predictions of all other people's classifiers are used as inputs to each person's classifier. This explicitly incorporates inter-dependencies between all people's behaviors. We evaluate ICAF on a novel dataset of 5 videos (35 people, 109 minutes, 7604 labels in all) of the popular Resistance game and a widely-studied meeting dataset with supervised prediction. See our demo at https://cs.dartmouth.edu/dsail/demos/icaf. ICAF outperforms the strongest baseline by 1%--5% accuracy in predicting the people's visual focus of attention. Further, we propose a lightly supervised technique to train models in the absence of training labels. We show that light-supervised ICAF performs similar to the supervised ICAF, thus showing its effectiveness and generality to previously unseen videos.