Psychological Strategies for Overcoming the Life Crisis of the Individual in Postmodern Practical Psychology

The article talks about the personality-oriented approach of postmodern practical psychology to counseling a crisis client. Coping strategies for overcoming a life crisis by a person at the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels are analyzed. Based on the consideration of practical work with crisis clients, algorithms for overcoming a crisis situation in the form of stages and phases of its experience are highlighted. The important role of neuropsychological correction at the first stage of work with the client is emphasized. Theoretical and methodological provisions of postmodern psychotherapy and practical psychology on the features of psychological support of a crisis client, taking into account his personal resource. The variability of the personality as one of its fundamental properties and the psychological mechanism providing a flexible choice of coping strategies, process of adaptation to conditions of crisis situation are considered. It is revealed that in the conditions of overcoming the life crisis there are personal transformations as expression and development of specific personal characteristics and properties. The model of overcoming a life crisis situation by an individual in the context of postmodern practical psychology is presented. In the presented author’s model of overcoming the personal crisis the postmodernist, personality-oriented and phenomenological approaches are applied.

INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AS A BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF A FUTURE MUSIC TEACHER

Education modernization in the process of intensive development of society in the country is aimed at nurturing each person’s inner need to generate and implement innovative ideas. Therefore, one of the main objectives in organizing academic and methodological work of a future music teacher is to develop a highly qualified, competent, competitive specialist, without whom it would be impossible to modernize education in Ukraine. In the current context, the professional competence of a teacher, their ability to learn constantly, their desire for self-improvement and self-actualization come to the fore. A future music teacher must be a person educated in culture, pedagogy, psychology and specific methods. Without this knowledge, a teacher loses their professional qualities, the main ones being the capability to pedagogical creativity, academic, methodological and experimental work, and interest in improving their skills. The use of innovative approaches to the organization of academic and methodological work is an important factor in stepping-up those processes. Currently, there is significant interest in the issue of developing the creative potential of students of various majors, including those related to the training of future music teachers, who will carry out the process of music education for schoolchildren in the future. Artistic innovative activity does not only reflect the specifics of updating the traditional education system through rationalization, introduction of innovative experience, or modernization, but also presents an individual creative style of a future music teacher. An important condition of this process is the optimal combination of external factors and the system of internal personal transformations, which allows students to become subjects of self-development, to achieve a certain level of personal and professional orientation from the moment of awareness of their abilities and opportunities in artistic activities. The need for a creative solution to life’s tasks is endless, it constantly motivates a person to search, and the successful, productive completion of creative searches causes satisfaction and a new wave of the need to test yourself in solving life’s tasks creatively, and to find self-fulfillment.

Experiencia Emocional Subjetiva en Deportistas Extremos: Estudio Cualitativo

Los participantes en deportes extremos usualmente han sido estudiados desde la perspectiva de riesgo. El presente estudio busca alejarse de dicha preconcepción y tiene como objetivo estudiar la experiencia subjetiva emocional. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico tomando como herramienta sistemas conversacionales. Los informantes fueron 8 deportistas extremos pertenecientes a un mismo grupo. Dentro de los deportes extremos se incluyen: Escalada de montaña, rapel, puenting, montañismo y bungee jumping. Los resultados indican que el miedo es generador de libertad, puede ser útil, es gratificante y también es promotor de transformaciones personales. Esta investigación otorga valor teórico al porqué del involucramiento en deportes extremos. Participants in extreme sports have usually been studied from a risk perspective. The present study seeks to move away from this preconception and aims to study the emotional subjective experience. A qualitative methodology with phenomenological-hermeneutic design was used taking as a tool conversational systems. The informants were 8 extreme athletes belonging to the same group. Extreme sports included were: Mountain climbing, rappelling, bungee jumping, and mountaineering.The results indicate that fear is a generator of freedom, it can be useful, it is rewarding and it is also a promoter of personal transformations. This research gives theoretical value to the reason for involvement in extreme sports. Participantes em esportes radicais geralmente têm sido estudados a partir de uma perspectiva de risco. O presente estudo busca afastar-se desse preconceito e visa estudar a experiência emocional subjetiva. Uma metodologia qualitativa com desenho fenomenológico-hermenêutico foi utilizada, utilizando sistemas conversacionais como ferramenta. Os informantes eram 8 atletas extremos pertencentes ao mesmo grupo. Esportes radicais incluem: alpinismo, rapel, bungee jumping, montanhismo e bungee jumping. Os resultados indicam que o medo é um gerador de liberdade, pode ser útil, gratificante e também promotor de transformações pessoais. Esta pesquisa dá valor teórico ao motivo do envolvimento em esportes radicais.

Development of scientific images about radicalization of protest activity of personality

The analysis of theories and models of radicalization existing in psychology and sociology is given. The complexity and transitivity of the world, the emerging methodological trends in psychology, the change of postmodern discourse to metamodernism require new psychological approaches to a research of this phenomenon, which can take into account the role of cultural factors and anthropological turn, as well as space and time as ontological constants of reality. Theoretical: theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, comparison, generalization, interpretation. The paper summarizes a number of empirical studies of the authors related to the problems of extremism. The goal is to consider the evolution of ideas about the radicalization of protest activity and substantiate the high relevance of the subject-being approach to explain the problem of extremism. The authors distinguish six main theories and models that reveal the nature of radicalization: the theory of anomy (R. Merton), the theory of "relative deprivation" (T. Garr), the concept of an authoritarian personality (A. Adorno), a model of social identity in collective activity (M. Van Zomeren ), the model of radicalization (R. Borum), the model of radicalization (F. Mohaddam). The authors note the demand for a metamodern methodological strategy, which makes it possible to record personal transformations and construct new images of a person. The authors come to the conclusion that the substantive differences in approaches lie in the influence quantity of external determinants causing the emergence of radical attitudes. In the development of the theme of extremism, the main ones are the principle of the unity of the personality and its being, the methodological principle of subjectivity and the principle of uncertainty, which reveal additional nuances of the phenomenon that increases cognitive capabilities. The conditions of the subject-being approach are considered and the concept of protest activity is presented, based on the notions of "existential personal identity", "subjective activity", "subjectivity", revealing the reasons for negative transformation of personality, considering extremism as a violation of the developing configuration of identity. The subject-being approach to the personality is recognized as the most efficient theoretical and methodological basis for researching this problem, since it allows us to overcome the deficiency of the content given by the deterministic interpretation of radicalization.

Posttraumatic Growth Following WWII: Polish people who were child refugees in New Zealand tell their story

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) denotes positive changes that arise due to one’s struggle with traumatic experiences. Despite growing interest in this field since the 1980s, PTG among individuals who have experienced trauma in childhood has been relatively understudied, and the process by which it occurs requires further examination. The narratives of 51 elderly Polish people who narrated their WWII experiences, deportation to Soviet labour camps, and migration to New Zealand as refugee children were analyzed by thematic content analysis. PTG was identified using the 5 factors of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Relating to Others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life. The most commonly mentioned PTG dimension overall and among women was Changes in Interpersonal Relationships, a dimension that reflects a change that includes feeling closer to others, improvements in getting along with others, and a better understanding of others. Men reported instances of Changes in Perception of Self more frequently than women, though further analysis would be required to confirm significant gender differences. These results reveal that the experience of childhood trauma and migration may be affected by a country’s welcome practices towards refugees, and that these experiences can influence personal transformations that occur across the lifespan.