cell surface receptors
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Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Petri Susi

Cell surface receptors play a key role in a virus’ ability to recognize and invade cells and tissues, which basically defines viral pathogenicity [...]


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13387
Author(s):  
Hanne Leysen ◽  
Deborah Walter ◽  
Bregje Christiaenssen ◽  
Romi Vandoren ◽  
İrem Harputluoğlu ◽  
...  

GPCRs arguably represent the most effective current therapeutic targets for a plethora of diseases. GPCRs also possess a pivotal role in the regulation of the physiological balance between healthy and pathological conditions; thus, their importance in systems biology cannot be underestimated. The molecular diversity of GPCR signaling systems is likely to be closely associated with disease-associated changes in organismal tissue complexity and compartmentalization, thus enabling a nuanced GPCR-based capacity to interdict multiple disease pathomechanisms at a systemic level. GPCRs have been long considered as controllers of communication between tissues and cells. This communication involves the ligand-mediated control of cell surface receptors that then direct their stimuli to impact cell physiology. Given the tremendous success of GPCRs as therapeutic targets, considerable focus has been placed on the ability of these therapeutics to modulate diseases by acting at cell surface receptors. In the past decade, however, attention has focused upon how stable multiprotein GPCR superstructures, termed receptorsomes, both at the cell surface membrane and in the intracellular domain dictate and condition long-term GPCR activities associated with the regulation of protein expression patterns, cellular stress responses and DNA integrity management. The ability of these receptorsomes (often in the absence of typical cell surface ligands) to control complex cellular activities implicates them as key controllers of the functional balance between health and disease. A greater understanding of this function of GPCRs is likely to significantly augment our ability to further employ these proteins in a multitude of diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170123
Author(s):  
Jinsung Yang ◽  
Jeongsoo Park ◽  
Melanie Koehler ◽  
Joshua Simpson ◽  
Daniel Luque ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Stefan J. Hermans ◽  
Tracy L. Nero ◽  
Craig J. Morton ◽  
Jonathan H. Gooi ◽  
Gabriela A. N. Crespi ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadim L Matochko ◽  
Frederique Deiss ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ratmir Derda

Many pharmaceutically-relevant cell surface receptors are functional only in the context of intact cells. Phage display, while being a powerful method for the discovery of ligands for purified proteins often fails to identify a diverse set of ligands to receptors on a cell membrane mosaic. To understand this deficiency, we examined growth bias in naive phage display libraries and observed that it fundamentally changes selection outcomes: The presence of growth-biased (parasite) phage clones in a phage library is detrimental to selection and cell-based panning of such biased libraries is poised to yield ligands from within a small parasite population. Importantly, amplification of phage libraries in water-oil emulsions suppressed the amplification of parasites and steered the selection of biased phage libraries away from parasite population. Attenuation of the growth bias through the use of emulsion amplification reproducibly discovers the ligands for cell-surface receptors that cannot be identified in screen that use conventional "bulk" amplification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 9633-9647
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Ashwin Somasundaram ◽  
Zengbiao Qi ◽  
Douglas J Hartman ◽  
Harinder Singh ◽  
...  

Abstract The identity and functions of specialized cell types are dependent on the complex interplay between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recently single-cell technologies have been developed that enable simultaneous quantitative analysis of cell-surface receptor expression with transcriptional states. To date, these datasets have not been used to systematically develop cell-context-specific maps of the interface between signaling and transcriptional regulators orchestrating cellular identity and function. We present SPaRTAN (Single-cell Proteomic and RNA based Transcription factor Activity Network), a computational method to link cell-surface receptors to transcription factors (TFs) by exploiting cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) datasets with cis-regulatory information. SPaRTAN is applied to immune cell types in the blood to predict the coupling of signaling receptors with cell context-specific TFs. Selected predictions are validated by prior knowledge and flow cytometry analyses. SPaRTAN is then used to predict the signaling coupled TF states of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesotheliomas. SPaRTAN enhances the utility of CITE-seq datasets to uncover TF and cell-surface receptor relationships in diverse cellular states.


Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Youkharibache

The Ig fold has had a remarkable success in vertebrate evolution, with a presence in over 2% of human genes. The Ig fold is not just the elementary structural domain of antibodies and TCRs, it is also at the heart of a staggering 30% of immunologic cell surface receptors, making it a major orchestrator of cell–cell interactions. While BCRs, TCRs, and numerous Ig-based cell surface receptors form homo- or heterodimers on the same cell surface (in cis), many of them interface as ligand-receptors (checkpoints) on interacting cells (in trans) through their Ig domains. New Ig-Ig interfaces are still being discovered between Ig-based cell surface receptors, even in well-known families such as B7. What is largely ignored, however, is that the Ig fold itself is pseudosymmetric, a property that makes the Ig domain a versatile self-associative 3D structure and may, in part, explain its success in evolution, especially through its ability to bind in cis or in trans in the context of cell surface receptor–ligand interactions. In this paper, we review the Ig domains’ tertiary and quaternary pseudosymmetries, with particular attention to the newly identified double Ig fold in the solved CD19 molecular structure to highlight the underlying fundamental folding elements of Ig domains, i.e., Ig protodomains. This pseudosymmetric property of Ig domains gives us a decoding frame of reference to understand the fold, relate all Ig domain forms, single or double, and suggest new protein engineering avenues.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Lisa Reinmuth ◽  
Cheng-Chih Hsiao ◽  
Jörg Hamann ◽  
Mette Rosenkilde ◽  
John Mackrill

Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are naturally occurring lipids which regulate the physiology of cells, including those of the immune system. In contrast to effects that are mediated through nuclear receptors or by epigenetic mechanism, which take tens of minutes to occur, changes in the activities of cell-surface receptors caused by oxysterols can be extremely rapid, often taking place within subsecond timescales. Such cell-surface receptor effects of oxysterols allow for the regulation of fast cellular processes, such as motility, secretion and endocytosis. These cellular processes play critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will survey the two broad classes of cell-surface receptors for oxysterols (G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels), the mechanisms by which cholesterol oxidation products act on them, and their presence and functions in the different cell types of the immune system. Overall, this review will highlight the potential of oxysterols, synthetic derivatives and their receptors for physiological and therapeutic modulation of the immune system.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2100077
Author(s):  
Jinsung Yang ◽  
Jeongsoo Park ◽  
Melanie Koehler ◽  
Joshua Simpson ◽  
Daniel Luque ◽  
...  

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