Rwandan solutions to Rwandan problems: Heritage decolonization and community engagement in Nyanza District, Rwanda

Highlighting the rural district of Nyanza in Rwanda, this article examines community relations to heritage resources. It investigates the possibilities for more ethical, engaged models of heritage management which can better deliver on agendas of decolonization and development. Our research finds that Nyanza’s heritage stakeholders highly value heritage’s social and economic roles, but communities are also significantly alienated from heritage resources. In seeking to bridge this gap, heritage professionals utilize a discourse of technocratic improvement, but community leaders emphasize ideas of ownership, drawing on higher state-level discourses of self-reliance and “homegrown solutions.” They mobilize the state’s own attempts to filter developing, decolonizing initiatives through Rwandan frameworks to advocate for communities’ right to participate in heritage. This local agency offers a roadmap for utilizing favorable aspects of existing governance to push heritage management toward community engagement and decolonization.

The Diaspora and Socio-Economic Roles of Muslim Migrants in the City of Dasmariñas, Philippines

This study focuses on the factors of migration of Muslims from Mindanao to Luzon, specifically the City of Dasmarinas, Philippines. It also provides data on the present roles of such migrants to the development of the city and their thematic traits as a people. Culled mainly from 12 interviews and with analysis adapted from Moustakas, et.al. Model; the main reason for their migration according to interviews is the search for new opportunities; their belief that they would earn more in the establishments of the city. Their decision to migrate is also influenced by persons close to them such as relatives. The interviewees have quickly adapted to their new environment by traveling together and settling with their families. Ethnographic approach unraveled that aside from paying taxes to the coffers of the city and rent to its businesses, Muslim migrants have contributed to the city’s progress by engaging in work; providing aid during calamities, charitable works and cheaper products to the city’s inhabitants. Employing a qualitative case method, and using informal and in-depth tools; the study concludes that the Muslims of Dasmarinas have not only enriched the socio-economic aspects of the city, but have also greatly contributed to its over-all growth and productivity.

No dockers, no empire. The labour question at Dakar during World War I

The Great War had a major impact on port activity at Dakar in Senegal. It increased bunkering and pushed up demand for daily labourers to provide an adequate service to the allied navies. This article analyses the changes in labour organization in the port during World War I. Based on archival sources held in the National Archives of Senegal, this study explores the ways in which the colonial administration tried to manage labour shortages on the docks. This research provides evidence of the institutional shifts in the colonial regime, where coercion strategies evolved into compensatory incentives to attract African workers. The vital military and economic roles played by Dakar as the gateway to French West Africa also explains the importance of institutional shift during the construction of colonial economic and political hegemony.

Qath'i dan Zhanni dalam Kewarisan Islam

Qath'i and zhanni in Usul fiqh are useful to explain the source text of Islāmic law, both the Qur'an and the hadith in two ways, namely al-tsubut (existence) or al-wurud (coming of the truth of the source) and al-dalalah (interpretation). In the context of qath'i and zhanny al-wurud the scholars agree that al-Qur'an and muthatith hadith are qath’y.. But they differ in terms of qath'i and zhanni from al-dalalah's side. The ulama of ushul fiqh states that there are religious texts that only contain one clear meaning and cannot debate other interpretations, also contain certain numbers, so the text is considered as a qath'i al-dalalah text. While contemporary scholars argue that the concept of qath'i and zhanni While contemporary scholars argue that the concept of qath'i and zhanni al-dalalah both the Qur'an and Hadith cannot be seen from the meaning of lafaz alone but also on the desired essence of the lafaz. Thus, the result is that religious texts in the field of inheritance law are open to modern interpretations. Islāmic inheritance include in the Zhanni al-dalalah group because relates to human relations and socio-economic roles, also, historically the verses on inheritance contain the essential meaning of justice.AbstrakQath’i dan zhanni dalam Ushul fiqh digunakan untuk menjelaskan teks sumber hukum Islam, baik itu al-Qur’an maupun hadits dalam dua hal, yaitu al-tsubut (eksistensi) atau al-wurud (kedatangan kebenaran sumber) dan al-dalalah (interpretasi). Dalam konteks qath’i dan zhanny al-wurud para ulama sepakat bahwa al-Qur’an dan hadits mutawatir adalah qath’i Namun mereka berbeda pendapat dalam hal qath’i dan zhanny dari sisi al-dalalah. Ulama ushul fiqh menyatakan bahwa jika suatu teks keagamaan hanya mengandung satu makna yang jelas dan tidak bisa membuka kemungkinan interpretasi lain, serta menyebutkan bilangan tertentu, maka teks tersebut dianggap sebagai teks yang qath’i dari sisi al-dalalah. Sementara ulama kontemporer berpendapat bahwa konsep qath’i dan zhanni al-dalalah baik al-Qur’an maupun Hadits tidak bisa dilihat dari kejelasan makna lafaz saja tetapi juga pada esensi yang diinginkan dari lafaz tersebut. Dengan demikian konsekuensinya adalah teks-teks keagamaan di bidang hukum waris terbuka terhadap penafsiran modern. Kewarisan islam masuk dalam kategori zhanny al-dalalah karena kaitannya dengan hubungan antar manusia dan peran sosial ekonomi, selain itu jika dilihat secara historisnya ayat-ayat mengenai kewarisan mengandung makna yang esensi yaitu keadilan.

The Complexity of Swine

The story of swine in the Near East reveals a complex evolution of one cultural element. Several processes stand out—the domestication of pigs from wild boar in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and their occasionally haphazard integration into agricultural systems; the evolving ritual roles of pigs, especially during the Bronze Age; the economic roles that pigs played (or did not play) in state-level societies; and, ultimately, the formation and evolution of the pig taboo. The long and complex evolution of the pig taboo in Judaism and Islam has created a tradition that has, in some ways, developed a life of its own, trapping the people of the Near East and around the globe into a peculiar relationship with swine.

EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE ON THE SURVIVAL OF FREE-LIVING STAGE OF SCHISTOCEPHALUS CORACIDIA

Marine parks have existed in Malaysia for a long time, but some have neglected the economic roles these marine parks play. This research aims to find out the benefits and costs generated by the marine parks in Terengganu by using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Through data collected from literature review, various websites and the Department of Marine Park’s annual statement, it is found that the marine parks generate benefits to all constituents, but in protecting environment these marine parks faced some problems. In order to achieve these marine parks goals, based on our findings, we suggest that these marine parks increase its entry charge to keep the sustainability of these marine parks which will be benefited to all constituents.

The Epistemic Goods of Higher Education

In this paper, I investigate two clashing perspectives regarding the good of the university: a socio-economic and an epistemic perspective. I position current writing on the university in the philosophy of education as being largely socio-economic and contrast this view to an earlier tradition of writing about the university that I position as mostly epistemic. Following on from this discussion, I review the university’s role in the distribution of social and epistemic goods. I hold that the university directly controls only the latter, not the former and hold that whatever socio-economic roles the university plays in society, it must do so through the distribution of knowledge in society. Next, I explore what this means for the university’s socio-economic functioning: I hold that seeing the good that the university distributes as knowledge places limits on its socio-economic functioning. Lastly, I ask what the university can do to promote epistemic justice in how it conducts teaching and research. I hold that one of the most important things that the university can do in the name of epistemic justice is to educate others (especially employers) about the true worth of a university degree.