A brief history of post-war soviet engineering psychology and ergonomics in persons

The article deals with a brief history in the faces of post-war engineering psychology and ergonomics. It is shown that the emergence of disciplines in the Soviet Union taking into account the human factor while building complex systems of guided weapons and their improvement was an organized process of specialists’ joint activities in a wide class of scientific and practical disciplines involved in designing and operating ergatic systems for general and military purposes. Prominent representatives of the engineering-psychological and ergonomic discourse of the Soviet engineering psychology and ergonomics of the post-war period are considered in historical and personal terms. Their contribution to the theory and practice of designing man-machine systems is considered. The article shows the existence of local scientific schools in the field of human factor problems, the schools have arisen around the authoritative leaders and scholars solving scientific, design and organizational tasks for creating a new technology. The main literature sources, which served as a scientific and educational-methodological basis for developing domestic engineering psychology and ergonomics, are highlighted. The centres of advancing academic research and applying scientific developments into practice in the field of engineering psychology and ergonomics in modern Russia are stressed.

BOOK REVIEW: ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE

This book was written to address the gap between problems of system design and the results of theoretical research in the study of cognitive psychology, experimental psychology, and human performance. Many of the built human-machine systems do not work optimally due to forced demands or requirements on humans as users, which is not in accordancewith the way humans observe, pay attention, understand, think, remember, and decide, as well as act, or in other terms the way people perform or process information. Over the past six decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand and model human information processing and human performance. Another purpose of this book is to show how theoretical developments have taken place and been applied to improve productivity and safety of humanmachine interactions.

PENGARUH PSIKOLOGI REKAYASA TATA RUANG KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI SUMBAWA

Sumbawa University of Technology certainly has goals that must be achieved. The study of the psychology of engineering workspace in order to increase the work motivation of educational staff is expected to open the door to achieve this goal. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the psychology of engineering workspace on the work motivation of education staff at the Sumbawa University of Technology by using descriptive quantitative research. The sampling of this research used random sampling technique, obtained as many as 40 samples of education staff from the Sumbawa University of Technology. The research data was obtained using the psychology scale of work layout engineering and work motivation scale. The results showed that there was an influence of the psychology of work layout engineering on the work motivation of the Sumbawa Technology University Education Staff with a significance value (Sig.) of 0.035 (<0.05), obtained R value is 0.334 and R Square value is 0.112. Where the value of R shows the value of the correlation coefficient or the value of the psychological relationship between work layout engineering and work motivation of 0.334, based on the correlation coefficient table, this value is included in the low category, so that the contribution of the influence (R Square) of workspace engineering psychology in increasing work motivation education is only 11.2%, while the other 88.8% is influenced by other variables that are not examined in this study.

Attitudes of undergraduates majoring in different branches of science towards fellow students with disabilities: A comparative analysis

Introduction. The article addresses the relevant problem of designing an accessible socio- psychological environment within the framework of higher education institutions for people with special education needs and disabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate readiness of students majoring in different branches of science to understand, respect and accept rights and needs of fellow students with disabilities, as well as to interact with them. Materials and Methods. The authors provide a review of Russian and international literature on the priority of social inclusion for people with disabilities (V.N. Myasishchev, D. Thompson, K.R. Fisher, M. Biggeri, etc.) In order to reveal the attitudes of undergraduates majoring in different branches of science (Engineering, Psychology, Education, Law, Physical Education and Sports) to fellow students with disabilities the authors used the ‘Unfinished sentences’ inventory (adapted by I.A. Mikhalenkova and I.E. Rostomashvilli). The sample consisted of 370 students aged between 18 and 50 from 9 universities of the Russian Federation. Results. The study has revealed the peculiarities of developing attitudes towards fellow students with disabilities among undergraduates majoring in different branches of science, summarized the findings about the attitudes towards students with disabilities in the inclusive educational environment of higher educational institutions. The authors explained and clarified the concept of ‘attitude’ as a complex psychological phenomenon comprising cognitive, emotional and moral and ethical components. It is emphasized that students majoring in Education and Psychology are more tolerant, responsive and empathic to fellow students with disabilities than students doing degrees in Economics. According to the research findings, undergraduates’ attitudes towards fellow students with disabilities are determined by their moral and ethical values. It has been found that young adults who choose universities of a humanitarian orientation have a more mature value system. The authors have distinguished three types of attitudes to people with disabilities. The study has shown that undergraduates majoring in different branches of science are tolerant to the inclusion of students with disabilities in degree programmes. Most of them are ready to help, however, they try to avoid making disabled friends. Conclusions. The article concludes that the differentiated approach to creating an accessible socio-psychological inclusive learning environment, taking into account the attitudes of fellow students, is a leading factor in designing an accessible environment for inclusive education of university students majoring in different branches of science.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES ON WORK AND PROFESSIONALS IN LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY: 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF WORK AND ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Relevance. The paper outlines the main branches of research work and development projects carried out by researchers and lecturers of the Work and Engineering Psychology department, Faculty of Psychology. It studies the contribution of the four heads of the department (professors V.P. Zinchenko, E.A. Klimov, Yu.K. Strelkov, A.B. Leonova) to the development of the main research areas within psychology of work content and work environment, as well as in workers’ psychology. Results. The main research results obtained by the department’s staff are arranged according to the main areas of scientific research supervised by the head of the department: 1) The 60s and 70s: studies of cognitive and senso-motor processes in the work of automated system operators — the birth of engineering psychology (V.P. Zinchenko) and the revival of labor psychology (Yu.V. Kotelova); 2) The 80–90s (E.A. Klimov) — problems of human psychology as subject of labor: research of professional consciousness, work motivation, mental regulators of labor based on the psychological interpretation of the subject of labor activity and its components; 3) The first decade of the XXI century (Yu.K. Strelkov) — research of transport professions, the formation of a temporal approach in engineering psychology, methods for studying the operational and semantic experience of a professional; 4) 2015–2020 (A.B. Leonova) — a series of studies of occupational stress and other functional states on the basis of structural-integrative approach; problems of organizational psychology and cognitive ergonomics. Conclusion. The study singles out and discusses prospective areas of future research, such as psychology of professional health, psychology of rest, psychology of security (of an individual, collective, organization, society as a whole); psychological study of the transformation of professionals’ psyche in the digital age, psychology of trust