The comparison of combat function priorities in future manned/unmanned infantry troops

This study was conducted to present the development plans for the future manned/unmanned infantry troops in order to respond to the changes in advanced science and technology along with the winds of the fourth industrial revolution an to prepare for future war changes. Above all, key elements by combat performance function of future mixed infantry troops could be identified and implications could be derived by comparing priorities by element using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). In particular, a survey of current military policy departments, educators, field personnel, and indirectly related officers whose group consists of 190 (rank range: from the first lieutenant to lieutenant colonel, age range: from 20 to 40) out of 250 regard of effectiveness was conducted to identify which areas should be developed first for each combat function (command control, information, maneuver, fire, protection, operation sustainability support). In the formation of a mixed infantry troop, command control was able to identify battlefield information, reinforce information on battlefield visibility, strengthen maneuvering forces, strike strategic targets, share enemy attack situations, and maintain operations.

Numerical Simulation on Oblique Towing Tests and Pure Yaw Tests of a Containership in Surf-Riding Condition

Maneuvering in waves is a complex and critical issue that confuses researchers for the last several decades. Among the existing methods for predicting the maneuverability in waves, the widely-used mathematical model approach (MMG model) is considered to be efficient and accurate in large wavelength and small wave steepness conditions. However, based on the assumption that the maneuvering forces in waves are the same as those in calm water, the wave effect on the hydrodynamic derivatives is neglected in most mathematical model approaches. According to the previous theoretical analysis and experimental data, this assumption is flawed. Therefore, several experiments and some numerical simulations have conducted to research the wave effect on hydrodynamic derivatives. In the present study, oblique towing tests and pure yaw tests will be simulated using the state-of-the-art CFD techniques to obtain the linear hydrodynamic derivatives in waves. The simulation cases in the present study are set according to previous PMM tests of S175 containership in surf-riding conditions. And the simulation results are in good agreement with experimental ones. Based on that, the wave effect on hydrodynamic derivatives is obtained and some discussions are made. Finally, the course stability of the containership on the different relative position of the wave are calculated to analyze the preliminary reason for the broaching-to phenomenon.

Simulating Minimum Required Power and Manoeuvrability in Adverse Conditions

The 2002 IMO regulations regarding the turning, course keeping and stopping ability for vessels with a length greater than 100 m do not cover the presence of waves, wind and current. But their effects may significantly reduce the manoeuvring performance of ships, especially of smaller vessel types in shallow and restricted waters. Since January 2013, an additional IMO regulation is in force, covering the energy efficiency of ships by defining an Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) that must not exceed a specified reference line for any new-built or converted vessel. The reference line to be met will successively be lowered in three steps. One way to meet the EEDI is a reduction of the installed power, which reduces the powering margin and may lead to significant safety issues for some ship types like smaller general cargo vessels since manoeuvring capabilities in adverse conditions might not be sufficient anymore. Due to the unpredictability of waves, a performance assessment is certainly not feasible in full scale and systematic model test series are time consuming and expensive. It is therefore of utmost importance to develop reliable and efficient software tools that are capable to simulate and predict the seakeeping and manoeuvring behaviour of a vessel at the design stage. In this paper, MARINTEK’s combined seakeeping/manoeuvring simulator VeSim is presented, calibrated and successfully validated by model tests with a general cargo vessel. In this software, the vessel hydrodynamics are solved taking care of both the seakeeping and maneuvering problems simultaneously. External forces result from waves, current and wind as well as from e.g. the propulsion system and mooring lines. The pre-calculated hydrodynamic properties of the vessel include speed-dependent resistance, maneuvering forces (mainly viscous), mass and restoring properties, damping and added mass properties (represented as retardation functions) and viscous roll damping. The maneuvering forces are calculated using current and wave particle velocities as input in addition to the ships velocities. A simulation study with VeSim is performed to find the minimum required power for advancing in head seas as a function of wave period and wave height for a general cargo vessel. In addition, two IMO standard manoeuvres — turning circles and 10°/10° zig-zag tests — are simulated in calm water as well as one regular wave condition in order to exemplify the capabilities of VeSim.

Strategic Planning Portals

The history of strategic planning begins in the military. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, strategy is the science of planning and directing large-scale military operations, of maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual engagement with the enemy (Guralnic, 1986). Although the way we conceive strategy has changed when applied to management, one element remains key: the aim to achieve competitive advantage. Strategic planning in organizations originated in the 1950s and was very popular and widespread from the mid 1960s to mid 1970s, when people believed it was the answer to all problems and corporate America was “obsessed” with strategic planning. Following that “boom,” strategic planning was cast aside and abandoned for over a decade. The 1990s brought the revival of strategic planning as a process with particular benefits in particular contexts (Mintzberg, 1994).