Traduzir: Escrever entre Línguas

Este artigo propõe-se a investigar em que medida as ideias metafísicas relacionadas à linguagem e aos poderes da linguagem, tanto na tradição grega arcaica de Homero e Hesíodo quanto na tradição bíblica do livro de Gênesis, que, durante o século XX, foram novamente trazidas à tona, discutidas e reavaliadas por autores como Walter Benjamin e Bruno Schulz, também fazem sentido enquanto contribuições para uma discussão em torno da natureza da tradução literária. Estas ideias provenientes da Antiguidade estão vinculadas, por um lado, a uma visão da linguagem como uma dyamis original e autônoma, como uma força criadora de sentidos, que antecede a “realidade” para tornar-se o real em si mesmo, e se contrapõem aos conceitos linguísticos estabelecidos por Ferdinand de Saussure e Émile Benveniste, que partem de uma abordagem prática da linguagem e postulam o caráter arbitrário dos vocábulos. Na concepção essencialista da linguagem, própria do mundo arcaico, assim como no conceito goethiano de Verwandschaft (afinidade) talvez se encontrem contribuições valiosas para a práxis da tradução literária.

Jak opisać dawne galicyjskie przedmieścia we współczesnym języku chińskim? Kognitywna analiza przekładów Sklepów cynamonowych Brunona Schulza

The article is an analysis of the description of the garden in Bruno Schulz’s The Cinnamon Shops (Sklepy cynamonowe) and its two translations into Chinese. Wei-Yun Lin-Górecka has translated Schulz’s prose from the original Polish, while Lu Yuan’s translation is primarily based on English versions of his work. The analysis employs methods drawn from cognitive poetics and some elements of cognitive theory of translation, especially Elżbieta Tabakowska’s ideas on imagery and translation equivalence. The study helped characterize a complex conceptual blend found in the description and trace structural changes caused by the translators’ specific decisions. The translations are characterized by a relatively high level of equivalence. The conceptual blends they comprise differ from the one created by Bruno Schulz mostly in terms of the described elements’ positions on the empathy scale, which are mainly dependent upon the translators’ manner of using the devices of animation and anthropomorphism.

A Judaism of Ethics in a Post-Holocaust World: The Interplay of Literature and Theology in Cynthia Ozick's Messiah of Stockholm

This article suggests that bringing Jewish literature and Jewish thought into conversation can deepen our understanding of each. As an illustration of this interdisciplinary methodology, I offer a reading of Cynthia Ozick's 1987 Messiah of Stockholm. I claim that Ozick has embedded an argument about the relationship of post-Holocaust Jewry to the past into the literary features of her novel. Her argument draws in particular upon Leo Baeck's account of Judaism as focused on the present and future in contrast to the worshipful approach to the past characteristic of other religions. At the same time, I offer a more nuanced take on the fear of idolatry so often noted in analyses of Ozick's work and situate that fear in relationship to the literary theories of her predecessor Bruno Schulz, who plays a key role in the novel, and her contemporary Harold Bloom.

Język "Sklepów cynamonowych" Brunona Schulza w świetle badań statystycznych

The aim of the article is to present the most important results of the frequency research on the language of the stories "Cinnamon Shops" by Bruno Schulz. The author compares the statistical indicators calculated for the stories and the basic styles of the Polish language. On this basis, he formulates conclusions about the artistry of the language of Bruno Schulz’s prose.

3. The age of anxiety

“The age of anxiety” surveys Jewish thought and literature from the end of the nineteenth century to the Second World War, starting with Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Einstein. The works of Marcel Proust, Franz Kafka, Isaac Babel, and Bruno Schulz are worthy of examination. In particular, Kafka’s The Metamorphosis is an invaluable prism through which to understand diaspora Jewish life in the first third of the twentieth century, illustrating the perception of alienation and monstrosity. The works of these writers manifest the anxiety experienced by Jews as they realized how vulnerable their status was in secular European culture. Such anxiety was prescient, foreshadowing the Holocaust.

Jewish Literature: A Very Short Introduction

Jewish Literature: A Very Short Introduction explores modern Jewish literature from 1492 to the early twenty-first century, rotating around the concept of aterritoriality to appreciate the diasporic journey Jews have embarked on across geographic and linguistic spheres to the present day. At the center are canonical figures like Franz Kafka, Isaac Babel, Bruno Schulz, Anne Frank, Martin Buber, Hannah Arendt, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Grace Paley, Jacobo Timerman, Moacyr Scliar, and Susan Sontag. Unlike the output of other national literatures, Jewish literature does not have a fixed address. As a result, its practitioners are at once insiders and outsiders.

Mamy „Mesjasza”!

The text refers to the question of affinities between the prose of Bruno Schulz and Olga Tokarczuk. Its narrative axis is the risky and provocative idea that Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of Jacob is, in its deepest essence, a literary realisation of Schulz’s unwritten or lost Messiah.

Próba biografii akustycznej Brunona Schulza. Doświadczenia audialne

The article analyzes the potential sonic experiences of Bruno Schulz. The numerous references to music in his prose inspire questions about Schulz’s attitude towards music. Based on the testimonies of his family and friends, it is impossible to determine Schulz’s opinion on the art of sounds, or whether he was musical and what kind of music he listened to. The ‘acoustic biography’ presented here becomes a metaphor for Schulz’s probable auditory experiences. Arranged in the chronological order, it respects the principles of probability, and is based on the historical and cultural context of 19th- and 20th-century Poland.

Witold Gombrowicz i Bruno Schulz. Biografie równoległe

This article gives an account of the overlapping biographies of Witold Gombrowicz and Bruno Schulz. It frames the events which brought the two writers together with a discussion of their literary debuts in 1933, which preceded their first meeting, and the post-war memories of Gombrowicz, who kept reminiscing about his “deceased friend”. The author describes the meetings and conversations between Schulz and Gombrowicz that took place at the latter’s apartment or in Zofia Nałkowska’s salon, their joint undertakings, such as the publication of open letters in Studio magazine, and their battle with literary critics, whose spiteful comments and attacks were aimed at what they called “young literature”. The article presents testimonies of Gombrowicz and Schulz’s mutual inspirations and interpretations, and discusses texts and events which echo their vigorous correspondence, mostly lost during the Second World War. This mosaic of dispersed facts and memories depicts a great friendship between two artists, who approached each other with curiosity and respect, but also with their typical penchant for self-irony. The idea of parallel biographies was born during the author’s work on the research project Calendar of the Life, Work, and Reception of Bruno Schulz.