Developing vehicular and non-vehicular trip generation models for mid-rise residential buildings in Kelowna, British Columbia: Assessing the impact of built environment, land use, and neighborhood characteristics

This study develops vehicular and non-vehicular trip generation models for mid-rise, multi-family residential developments. A comparative analysis of observed and Instiutue of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip rates suggests that ITE rates consistently overestimate. A latent segmentation-based negative binomial (LSNB) model is developed to improve the methodology for estimating vehicular and non-vehicular trips. One of the key features of an LSNB model is to capture heterogeneity. Segment allocation results for the vehicular and non-vehicular models suggest that one segment includes suburban developments, whereas the other includes urban developments. Results reveal that a higher number of dwelling units is likely to be associated with increased vehicle trips. For non-vehicular trips, a higher number of dwelling units and increased recreational opportunities are more likely to increase trip generation. The LSNB model confirms the existence of significant heterogeneity. For instance, higher land-use mix has a higher probability to deter vehicular trips in urban areas, whereas trips in the suburban areas are likely to continue increasing. Higher density of bus routes and sidewalks are likely to be associated with increased non-vehicular trips in urban areas, yet such trips are likely to decrease in suburban areas. An interesting finding is that higher bikeability in suburban areas is more likely to increase non-vehicular trips. The findings of this study are expected to assist engineers and planners to predict vehicular and non-vehicular trips with higher accuracy.

The air pollution contributions of a large-scale suburban development

In 2007, Toronto Public Health found that air pollution from traffic causes as many as 440 premature deaths and 1,700 hospitalizations annually in the city. Many researchers have demonstrated the links between urban design and vehicle use, however little research has been done to address the air pollution contributions of vehicle-dependent, large-scale suburban developments. To address this deficiency, this study estimated the air pollution contributions of a 6,755 unit approved subdivision, to be built in the Town of Richmond Hill, Ontario. Using the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation's Tool for Evaluating Neighbourhood Sustainability and Transporation Canada's urban Transportation Emissions Caculator the quantity of vehicle-produced criteria air contaminants were estimated for the development in the years 2010 and 2030. The quantity of CAC emissions estimated for both 2010 and 2030 suggest that the forecast emissions from the development are non-trivial and that further study should be conducted to estimate the health impacts of this development.

The air pollution contributions of a large-scale suburban development

In 2007, Toronto Public Health found that air pollution from traffic causes as many as 440 premature deaths and 1,700 hospitalizations annually in the city. Many researchers have demonstrated the links between urban design and vehicle use, however little research has been done to address the air pollution contributions of vehicle-dependent, large-scale suburban developments. To address this deficiency, this study estimated the air pollution contributions of a 6,755 unit approved subdivision, to be built in the Town of Richmond Hill, Ontario. Using the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation's Tool for Evaluating Neighbourhood Sustainability and Transporation Canada's urban Transportation Emissions Caculator the quantity of vehicle-produced criteria air contaminants were estimated for the development in the years 2010 and 2030. The quantity of CAC emissions estimated for both 2010 and 2030 suggest that the forecast emissions from the development are non-trivial and that further study should be conducted to estimate the health impacts of this development.

2. The suburban solution

Between the 1940s and 1970s, new lower-density satellite developments were made possible by transport and travel innovations. “The Suburban Solution” describes how suburbs were conceived and marketed as healthy, pleasant alternatives to industrial hubs. Some suburban developments and new towns were successful in easing the overpopulation of nearby cities and providing a quieter life. They have been criticized for their bland appearance, lack of definition, and inefficient use of land. Suburbs, satellites, and garden cities increased families’ reliance on cars, contributing to traffic. New approaches to suburbia aim to address these problems, building in healthy walks and accessible community services.

The Council Estate

This chapter tackles the history of the council estate in Britain. A council estate is a group of homes, usually in one or many buildings, planned as a totality that was owned and leased by municipal authorities. Although many council estates were low-rise suburban developments, the chapter focuses on the urban, high-density iterations of this form, which usually comprised a handful of high- and medium-rise apartment buildings connected by a mesh of public walkways, courtyards, playgrounds, and parking lots. This chapter also highlights the most conspicuous and arguably most consequential of the urban forms during this time — the high-density council estate. It discusses high-density council estate's rich historiography and why it was considered as the main protagonist in recent histories of working-class community formation, policy and political culture, gender, consumerism, and architecture. Ultimately, the chapter explores the two most striking and historically distinctive features of postwar, high-density council estates: their capacity to modernize domestic life and the hope that they could forge community out of proximity.

Framing the Debate on Suburbanization in North America and Germany Conceptually—Edward Soja’s Concept of “Regional Urbanization” Revisited

This article is on imaginaries of the urban. Here, we develop a critical view on urban and regional developments in capitalist countries and scrutinize explanation patterns anchored in a rigid urban–suburban dichotomy that tend to disregard the complex processuality of current urbanization forms. This contribution focusses on the impact societal change has on spatial and societal structures as well as on forms of socialization in urban regional contexts. As a starting point, we deliberately address current debates on suburbanization from which we first derive research desiderata and then conceptually position the debate. The main aim of the paper is to underscore the importance of the conceptual debate on postmodern urban development which is inextricably linked with the so-called LA school of urbanism and in particular with Edward Soja. In the conceptual part of the paper, we start from Edward Soja’s concept (Postmetropolis, 2000) on postmodern urban development in which overarching urbanization processes materialize on a continuum from center to periphery. His theoretical positionings offer a number of possibilities for analyzing and interpreting socio-economic, socio-structural, and socio-cultural urbanization processes. Essentially, we are offering a conceptual discussion of current urban regional processes based on Edward Soja’s theorizations (Soja, 2011) that take the socio-structural, socio-economic, and socio-cultural pluralities and complexity of Regional Urbanization into account. We contend that the seminal contribution of Edward Soja lends itself to a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of processes of urbanization, including suburban developments.

Tipe Urban Sprawl dan Eksistensi Pertanian di Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Denpasar

Denpasar City as the capital of Bali Province is attractive to regional development. The limited space of Denpasar City directs the development towards the periphery. The extension of physical urban form will be a significant factor of suburban developments. The study aims to examine the type of urban sprawl development in the Denpasar suburbs, and their relation to the existence of agriculture. The qualitative research method is used to analyze the type of urban sprawl with the following indicators of typical land uses covering rice fields, forest park, open land, and settlements. Remote sensing analysis of these four indicators applies GIS model drawn from three time-series data of 2005, 2010 and 2015. Spatial approaches are applied to examine the patterns and structures of urban sprawl types. The results find two main types of urban sprawl development in the city suburbs, that is, leapfrog type which is mostly scattered in the north, and the ribbon type mainly centered in the eastern part of Denpasar City. Both types of urban sprawl play a crucial role in decreasing the amount of agricultural land, especially rice fields, in the suburbs of Denpasar.

Delicious Adventures and Multicolored Pantsuits

This chapter asks why white, middle-class American women were so fascinated with all things Hawaiʻi in the two decades after statehood. It also looks at why Hawaiʻi's export market linked racial and ethnic boundary-crossing with women's self-fulfillment. The mainland marketing of Hawaiʻi offered a virtual version of the kinds of cross-cultural exchange taking place in Hawaiʻi itself, urging ordinary mainland women to envision themselves as liberated, globe-trotting cosmopolitans. Cookbooks and apparel manufacturers suggested that the acts of eating Hawaiian food and wearing clothes produced in Hawaiʻi could catalyze a new, more relaxed, racially enlightened worldview. Yet the mainland consumption of Hawaiʻi was also made possible by the expansion of racially segregated suburban developments, where racial liberalism could be performed without disrupting racial inequality.