Transformasi Lanskap dan Layanan Ekosistem Budaya di Area Peri-Urban: Wisata Alam dan Permukiman di Bandung Selatan

Peri-urban provides complementary urban ecosystem services when green areas in cities are decreasing due to densification. However, land cover change in the area from natural landscapes to agriculture and settlements affects the ecosystem's capacity to provide services. This study aims to identify landscape transformation using a model and analyze its effects on cultural ecosystem services at Kawah Putih (White Crater) nature-based tourism destination area in the peri-urban in South Bandung, Indonesia. This study also analyzes how cultural ecosystem services and the increasing demand for new settlements in the area have influenced tourist visitation. Landscape change in the area (1989-2019) was identified from mapsdeveloped from Landsat imagery, using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module in Terrset. A spatial assessment of offered cultural ecosystem services was then conducted using three indicators based on the land cover change near Kawah Putih. It is found that the composition of developed areas in the district has increased from 6.09% to 10.79% in 30 years. The quality of cultural ecosystem service has decreased, which is arguably influenced by the landscape alteration in the area. However, there was an increasing trend in the number of tourists (2016-2019) despite the deterioration of landscape quality. It is argued that the result is influenced by the visitors' perception of the landscape in the case study area. The rapid land cover change in the area was affected by the nearby city's growth, in which the tourism industry is one of the elements of such transformation.

Interaksi Antarwilayah dan Sebaran Covid-19 di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory tract that began to be identified in Wuhan, China. WHO then announced the condition as a pandemic that quickly spread throughout the world. The rapid spread of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) also occurred in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In a spatial-temporal perspective, the spread of infectious diseases can be happened by the interconnectivity or interaction between areas, populations, and transportation facilities that facilitate community mobility. This research aims to describe the interactions between regions in West Kalimantan and the relation to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used centrality measurement and cluster analysis, where the results of these calculations are then described in line with the distribution of the Covid-19 case in West Kalimantan. From the justification, areas with high centrality in the network configuration tend to have the most confirmed cases compared to other areas. The character of these areas tends to be the main entrance (air/port), the provincial capital, and the hub area in West Kalimantan, which is also included as the same cluster. Another interesting finding is that areas with low centrality, and included in the same cluster, have several people under surveillance which is quite large compared to the previous cluster. These areas tend to have a dense population and are directly related to the Provincial Capital and neighboring countries (border).

Korelasi Karakteristik Fisik Rumah dan Tingkat Kerentanan Sosio-Ekonomi di Tepian Sungai Kapuas Pontianak

Kampung Dalam Bugis is an area in Pontianak City located in the Kapuas River and the Landak River branch. This area is a kampung and settlement that marked the establishment of Pontianak City. Kampung Dalam Bugis Village is located on the bank of a river, impacting flood disaster vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to study the correlation between the physical characteristics of the house and the level of socio-economic vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the physical characteristics of the houses and the level of socio-economic vulnerability at the riverbanks. The analysis used to assess socio-economic vulnerability is scoring from data collected from interviews and filling out questionnaires. The study used to determine the relationship between the house's physical characteristics to indicators of socio-economic vulnerability is chi-square. The assessment of the community's socio-economic vulnerability on the banks of the Kapuas River consists mostly of high vulnerability classes. Chi-square analysis shows that indicators of socio-economic vulnerability such as the head of the family's educational level have a relationship to the house's characteristics, such as the type of house and the area of the house. This initial research still needs to be developed, such as using logistic regression analysis. There is more vital evidence that the information can be used as a basis for determining or at least as a validator for indicators of socio-economic vulnerability. Physical information of the house is easier to find data through observation and even image interpretation.

Analisis Potensi Genangan Tsunami dan Penentuan Jalur Evakuasi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Desa Daruba Pantai – Kabupaten Pulau Morotai

Tsunami is one of the catastrophic events that threatened coastal areas in Morotai Island Regency. This is partly because the location of the regency is among several active faults. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the tsunami inundation area and determine a tsunami evacuation route in Daruba Pantai Village, South Morotai District. This study begins with the preparation of a digital elevation model and is compiled with other related maps to produce the tsunami inundation area at the study site. The study results show that a tsunami can hit 176.65 ha, with the disastrous and dangerous category being 5.02% and 0.66%. Meanwhile, specifically for the Daruba Pantai Village area with an area of 60.59 ha, the disastrous and dangerous categories are 10.72% and 1.30%, and the safe category is 36.61% and secure 23.07%. Furthermore, the preparation of the evacuation route is based on the scenario that residents from each zone of both the Neighborhood Unit (RT) and Community Unit (RW) are directed to follow the evacuation path to move towards the temporary shelter point and towards the safety zone.

Analisis Pengaruh Alokasi DAK Masing-Masing Bidang Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Kabupaten Lebak

Fiscal decentralization is one of the government’s strategies to improve people’s welfare. The fiscal decentralization policy instrument that can directly affect the quality of local government spending is The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK). The DAK management in the financial aspect has a few problems, nonoptimal regional government performance and mismatched allocation and government needs. Proposal based The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) hopefully could adjust the development priorities determined by regional conditions, government needs, and undeveloped villages with high-level poverty. Pandeglang and Lebak Regency are the region with the highest poverty level in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze the DAK effect of each sector on poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency. The analysis used Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) with DAK data for each field in 2018 and poverty data in 2019. The result showed that DAK variables in education, health, and agriculture tended not to reduce poverty rates. The DAK variable in the housing and settlement sector, the marine and fisheries sector, the tourism sector, and the market sector tended to reduce poverty. At the same time, the DAK variable in Road, sanitation, and village funds tended to reduce poverty levels in most districts. Based on the study, the poverty alleviation program in each district is adjusted to each of the DAK sectors that are influential. However, the result indicated that the adjustment of DAK sectors influenced the poverty alleviation program in every district in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency.

Emisi Karbon dan Produk Domestik Bruto: Investigasi Hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pada Negara Berpendapatan Menengah di Kawasan ASEAN

Policymakers in the world are concerned with carbon emission due to the risk of global warming. Many studies on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) consider carbon emission as a proxy of environmental degradation. This study aimed to investigate the existence of EKC and identify variations of relationships between carbon emissions and GDP per capita in ASEAN middle-income countries. The study was conducted on Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Malaysia based on 1971-2014 time series data using a simultaneous model (2SLS) for each country. The main variables studied were GDP per capita, square of GDP per capita, and carbon emission supported by other variables as the controlling variables. Validation on EKC existence was determined by GDP and GDP squared influence on carbon emission, while variations of relationship between GDP and carbon emission were based on the result of simultaneous regressions. The results showed that the existence of the EKC could not be validated in all countries because energy and transportation policies in each country failed to reduce the emission. On the other hand, carbon emission had a positive unidirectional influence on GDP in all countries. The effect of carbon emission coefficient to GDP showed that Thailand ranked the highest in CO2 efficiency, followed by Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. This study recommended that carbon emission reduction policies in the four countries should focus more to easier access to environmentally friendly technology from developed countries for ensuring trade-offs between the economy and environment.

Kajian Daya Dukung Lingkungan dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang di Kawasan Bandung Utara

Northern Bandung Area (KBU) plays a vital role and function to surrounding areas as a groundwater catchment area. The West Java Province Spatial Plan (RTRW) stipulates KBU as the Provincial Strategic Area (KSP) for environmental protection. The spatial control governance over the KBU is currently regulated by the Governor Regulation Number 2 Year 2016 about Guidelines for Controling the Northern Bandung Area as the the West Java Province Strategic Area. The KBU development ought to take environmental carrying capacity into account concerning the completion of environmentally based spatial use programs in the KBU. This study aimed to analyze the environmental carrying capacity of land use, and to formulate program recommendation of desired spatial use in KBU. Conservation index method was used to analyze environmental carrying capacity necessary to spatial use program recommendation. The results showed that the land use coverage in 2015 decreased actual conservation function, creating an increase of critical conservation areas by 68.37% and by 69.78% in 2018. In contrast, the conservation index on the land use plan in the RTRW showed a decrease in critical conservation area to 35.90% in 2029. However, such a declining figure has not been supported by environmental programs in the land use plan implementation required to increase the good conservation class by 42.27% while it recorded by 10.78% in 2018. It can be concluded that the IKA and IKC studies showed a distribution expansion of critical lands in KBU, and the IKR analysis proved that the land use plan in the RTRW would reduce critical conservation areas.

Pengaruh Urbanisasi Terhadap Penurunan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Urbanization and poverty are two important aspects closely linked to sustainable development goals. Urbanization in Indonesia is still far from improving migrant welfare as well as their destination regions. Every 1% growth of urbanization in Indonesia can only increase 4% of GDP per capita. Low economic benefits resulted from urbanization in Indonesia merely shift rural poor to become urban poor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction in Indonesia, both in the regional aggregate and at the rural and urban levels as the origin and destination regions of urbanization. This study used secondary data of population and poverty from Population Census (SP), the Inter-Census Population Survey (SUPAS), and the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS). Data analysis was performed using regionalization techniques, Primacy Index, Lorenz Curve, Geographic Information System (GIS), and simple linear regression. The results showed that the rate of urbanization had a positive relationship with per capita income and the population of urban poor, but had a negative relationship with the population of rural poor. A unit increase in urban population variable percentage would increase the average GDP/capita variable by 0,466. This would be followed by an increase in the average urban poor population variable by 0,447 and a reduction in the average rural poor population variable by 0,705.