Abstract. In the face of ongoing and projected climatic changes, precipitation manipulation experiments (PMEs) have produced a wealth of data about the
effects of precipitation changes on soils. In response, researchers have undertaken a number of synthetic efforts. Several meta-analyses have been
conducted, each revealing new aspects of soil responses to precipitation changes. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of the findings of
16 meta-analyses focused on the effects of precipitation changes on 42 soil response variables, covering a wide range of soil processes. We examine
responses of individual variables as well as more integrative responses of carbon and nitrogen cycles. We find strong agreement among meta-analyses
that belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling accelerate under increased precipitation and slow under decreased precipitation, while bacterial and
fungal communities are relatively resistant to decreased precipitation. Much attention has been paid to fluxes and pools in carbon, nitrogen, and
phosphorus cycles, such as gas emissions, soil carbon, soil phosphorus, extractable nitrogen ions, and biomass. The rates of processes underlying
these variables (e.g., mineralization, fixation, and (de)nitrification) are less frequently covered in meta-analytic studies, with the major
exception of respiration rates. Shifting scientific attention to these less broadly evaluated processes would deepen the current understanding of
the effects of precipitation changes on soil and provide new insights. By jointly evaluating meta-analyses focused on a wide range of variables, we
provide here a holistic view of soil responses to changes in precipitation.