Imagining Racial Equality

Local 65 United Warehouse Workers Union (1933–1987), which became District 65 United Auto Workers, promoted photography with a camera club, and a member-edited newspaper New Voices, featuring photographs taken by members. This left-led, New York City distributive industry union began in 1933 on the Lower East Side, and it became the city’s second largest local. The union utilized photography to normalize the role of African American members within the union and to advance a civil rights and anti-racism agenda. This article includes photographs taken by member-photographers, and photo-reproductions of New Voices. New Voices’ photographs included African Americans in the everyday life of the union, challenged race-based labor segmentation, supported community struggles, and defied racial norms in midcentury America.

Community-Based, Civic Unionism during the Height of the Civil Rights Era

This concluding chapter examines the changed role labor unions, especially those on the left end of the political spectrum, took during the civil rights era—having gone from leading the fight for racial equality to immersing the contest for better jobs into the larger civil rights movement that was underway. The NAACP, the CIO, the NNLC, and District 65/DPO may have agreed on the basic fundamentals of racial equality but they certainly did not agree on how to achieve it. Local 65's version of community-based, civic unionism, one that was designed to confront the discriminatory manifestations of the capitalist, “for-profit” system, was subsumed into the larger civil rights-era struggles. The overt capitalist critique all but vanished, and for low-wage workers, that critique was what rendered their existence as part of the never ending supply of cheap labor visible.

Community Organizing under the AFL-CIO Umbrella

This chapter demonstrates how, after five years of heading up a few of the left-led Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) refugees, the DPO and District 65 were attacked and on the verge of collapse. It had proved almost impossible to continue to organize without the security provided by the CIO, and the union's Executive Board finally decided to accept the CIO's terms for reinstatement. The chapter follows District 65 as it attempted to rebuild and, essentially, prove its worth to the rest of the labor movement and to civil rights organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The chapter explores the consequences of the reaffiliation for the union's “militant” fight for economic equality and offers an analysis of how District 65's organizing strategies were affected by reaffiliation with the CIO.

Licões de Mariana e a contaminação do Rio Doce / Lessons from Mariana and the contamination of the Doce River

<p><span>No Brasil, diferente de outros países, o solo é propriedade da federação, logo para regulamentar e fiscalizar as atividades de retirada de qualquer minério no nosso país, foi criado o Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM), ligado ao Ministério responsável. Como atividade que gera lucros, a mineração é tributada: a Compensação Financeira por Exploração Mineral (CFEM). Do valor da compensação recolhido no Estado de Goiás por exemplo, é redistribuído desta forma: 23% para o Estado e Distrito Federal; 65% aos municípios; 2% ao Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; e 10% ao DNPM, e destes, 2% devem ser destinados para a proteção ambiental. A maior produção mineral em Goiás (2011) foi de Níquel, seguido de Cobre, Ouro, Amianto, Fosfato, Cobalto e Nióbio. A maior produção do Município de Formosa no ano de 2012 foi de Argila vermelha, seguida de Brita, Areia, Calcário agrícola, Argila para cimento, Cascalho e Água mineral. Para obter tal produção, as empresas mineradoras precisam obter licenças o que envolve itens de segurança obrigatórios como a construção de barragens para conter rejeitos, mas o recente acidente em Mariana/MG envolveu muitas vidas, inclusive a do Rio Doce, por falta da proteção ambiental: da tragédia, fica a lição.  </span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p>In Brazil, unlike other countries, the soil is owned by the federation, so to regulate and supervise the activities of withdrawal of any ore in our country, the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM) was created, linked to the responsible Ministry. As an activity that generates profits, the mining is taxed: the Financial Compensation for Mineral Exploration (CFEM). Of the value of the compensation collected in the State of Goiás for example, it is redistributed in this way: 23% for the State and Federal District; 65% to municipalities; 2% to the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development; And 10% to DNPM, of which 2% should be earmarked for environmental protection. The largest mineral production in Goiás (2011) was Nickel, followed by Copper, Gold, Asbestos, Phosphate, Cobalt and Niobium. The largest production of the Municipality of Formosa in the year 2012 was of Red Clay, followed by Brita, Sand, Agricultural Limestone, Clay for Cement, Gravel and Mineral Water. To obtain such production, mining companies must obtain permits, which involve mandatory safety items such as the construction of dams to contain tailings, but the recent Mariana/MG accident involved many lives, including Rio Doce, due to the lack of environmental protection: From tragedy, the lesson remains.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>

Implementations of the Best Practices in Repayment, the Way to Improve Collections of the Due Students’ Loans in Tanzania

<p>This study was designed to investigate the influence of the implementation of the best practices in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. The study was geared towards achieving the following objectives: (1) To assess the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the Pre college preparations in improving collections of the due students loans; (2) To examine the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the in college period in improving collections of the due students loans; (3) To investigate the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in improving collections of the due students loans.</p><p>Data were collected from parents, prospective loans beneficiaries and students’ loans beneficiaries in Dar es salaam city, in this study 5 secondary schools (Azania, Zanaki, Jangwani, Mbezi and Makongo), 5 universities (UDSM, DUCE, CBE, IFM and DIT) and 4 Organizations (HESLB, TPB, NBC and DUCE Academic staff) were visited. Data were collected from 267 respondents, 138 were from Kinondoni district, 65 from Ilala district, and 64 from Temeke. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) data analysis tool.</p><p>The study concluded that, the implementations of the best practice in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) has an influence in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. In order to address these conclusions, the study recommends that HESLB should ensure the early education to the existing models and presentation to promote value of education, in the pre college preparations, presence of students financial aid offices, entry and exit counselling sessions, in the in college period as well as making sure that beneficiaries are reminded to repay, maintenance of the regular contacts with borrowers as well as establishment of contacts with dropouts in the after college period.</p>

A Renegade Union

Dedicated to organizing workers from diverse racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, many of whom were considered “unorganizable” by other unions, the progressive New York City-based labor union District 65 counted among its 30,000 members retail clerks, office workers, warehouse workers, and wholesale workers. This book presents a distinctive study of District 65 and its efforts to secure economic equality for minority workers in sales and processing jobs in small, low-end shops and warehouses throughout the city. The book shows how organizers fought tirelessly to achieve better hours and higher wages for “unskilled,” unrepresented workers and to re-value their work, the result of an economy inclining toward fewer manufacturing jobs and more low-wage service and processing jobs.