Measurement Assurance of Additive Manufacturing on the Example of Laser Surface Polishing Products by Remelting

The article presents the results of studies of the surfaces of parts processed by the contactless method of laser polishing. The results of technological surface treatment using a laser technological complex based on an ytterbium fibre laser with a power of 5 kW are presented. The results of studies of the surface roughness of the samples after laser treatment, including the non-uniform character due to the redistribution of the liquid metal melt over the surface, are shown. Requirements for metrological support of additive technology have been developed using the example of the process of laser remelting in order to improve quality and further automation.

Verification of Gas Flow Traceability from 0.1 sccm to 1 sccm Using a Piston Gauge

Fluke Calibration is accredited for gas flow measurements in the range of 0.1 sccm to 6000 slm in nitrogen and air. Traceability is maintained directly through a gravimetric f low standard but only recently from 1 sccm to 10 sccm. The traceability of flow in the range of 0.1 sccm to 1 sccm is based on extrapolation of the use of laminar flow elements (LFE) below 1 sccm. This part of the range has never been completely verified through interlaboratory comparisons, proficiency testing or other means of measurement assurance. In an internal document from DH Instruments in the early 1990s it was suggested that a piston gauge might improve traceability for very low gas flows. In order to prove out traceability in this range an attempt was made to use a piston gauge using a piston-cylinder size of 35 mm diameter as a reference. One reason for choosing a piston gauge as a reference is its pressure control. This is crucial when measuring gas flow through a LFE in this design and range. In addition, the effective area is known to within 0.001 %, leaving the vertical displacement of the piston to dominate the uncertainty of the dimensional part of the flow test. This was a challenge because the measurements required absolute mode and the internal piston position sensor supplied with the piston gauge did not have sufficient precision. This paper describes the theory and design of the gas flow measurement system, the current results, and improvements desired or suggested. Two different designs are discussed, one with a single piston gauge as a reference and one with two piston gauges measuring flow on either side of the laminar flow element. Note: sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute) is an industry accepted alternative to kg/s [1]. It is used out of convenience to normalize flow rates of gases with significant differences in density.

An algorithm development for producing of standard samples of explosives

The analysis of requirements for standard samples (SS) of the explosives’ composition, aimed for improving of a determination (an identification) accuracy of the polluting emissions in the environment is given in the present work. As a result of the analysis of the requirements, defining the purpose of SS of the explosives’ composition, the functions of the latter have been established; there are the measurement assurance and ensuring of measurement procedures of an explosives content in solutions, air, aqueous media, soils, surfaces washing-off, special products and also in various fields of a science and an industry, engaged in the production, an adjustment, a research and an operation of equipment for carrying out the quantitative chemical analysis and controlling the objects of the environment (signaling devices). There has been formed the circle of potential consumers of new SS of the explosives’ composition, in which the enterprises of the industry of ammunition and special chemistry, subordinate organizations of the ministries of Russia (Ministry of Industry and Trade), higher educational establishments and also privately owned enterprises and organizations, carrying out the work related to the use of explosives are included; this circle imposes the requirements for SS quality and establishes a rating of the approved state SS (SSS). The purity degree of explosives (a base material fraction of total mass is no less than 99.5 % by mass) and an acetonitrile (used as a solvent) (a water content is no more than 0.03 % by mass) has been established in the course of carrying out of the analysis of the requirements for the initial materials. The ampoules, which are filled by means of the syringe and the glass medicine bottles of a general purpose were selected as a container in order to protect of SS specimen from the action of a complex of destructive factors, imposing the requirements for their storage conditions. In the course of studying of the necessity of SS material of the explosives’ composition in different groups of purpose the volumes of a material in each individual ampoule (bottle) have been established, that is 5 cm3 and 20 cm3. It has been developed the algorithm for producing of SS of explosives’ composition, meeting the aforementioned requirements.

Summarizing Performance for Genome Scale Measurement of miRNA: Reference Samples and Metrics

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe potential utility of microRNA as biomarkers for early detection of cancer and other diseases is being investigated with genome-scale profiling of differentially expressed microRNA. Processes for measurement assurance are critical components of genome-scale measurements. Here, we evaluated the utility of a set of total RNA samples, designed with between-sample differences in the relative abundance of miRNAs, as process controls.ResultsThree pure total human RNA samples (brain, liver, and placenta) and two different mixtures of these components were evaluated as measurement assurance control samples on multiple measurement systems at multiple sites and over multiple rounds. In silico modeling of mixtures provided benchmark values for comparison with physical mixtures. Biomarker development laboratories using next-generation sequencing (NGS) or genome-scale hybridization assays participated in the study and returned data from the samples using their routine workflows. Multiplexed and single assay reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to confirm in silico predicted sample differences. Data visualizations and summary metrics for genome-scale miRNA profiling assessment were developed using this dataset, and a range of performance was observed. These metrics have been incorporated into an online data analysis pipeline and provide a convenient dashboard view of results from experiments following the described design. The website also serves as a repository for the accumulation of performance values providing new participants in the project an opportunity to learn what may be achievable with similar measurement processes.ConclusionsThe set of reference samples used in this study provides benchmark values suitable for assessing genome-scale miRNA profiling processes. Incorporation of these metrics into an online resource allows laboratories to periodically evaluate their performance and assess any changes introduced into their measurement process.