Hermite-Chebyshev pseudospectral method for inhomogeneous superconducting strip problems and magnetic flux pump modeling

Numerical simulation of superconducting devices is a powerful tool for understanding the principles of their work and improving their design. Usually, such simulations are based on a finite element method but, recently, a different approach, based on the spectral technique, has been presented for very efficient solution of several applied superconductivity problems described by one-dimensional integro-differential equations or a system of such equations. Here we propose a new pseudospectral method for two-dimensional magnetization and transport current superconducting strip problems with an arbitrary current-voltage relation, spatially inhomogeneous strips, and strips in a nonuniform applied field. The method is based on the bivariate expansions in Chebyshev polynomials and Hermite functions. It can be used for numerical modeling magnetic flux pumps of different types and investigating AC losses in coated conductors with local defects. Using a realistic two-dimensional version of the superconducting dynamo benchmark problem as an example, we showed that our new method is a competitive alternative to finite element methods.

Improving Signal Statistics Using a Regression Ground Clutter Filter. Part 1: Theory and Simulations

Ground clutter filtering is an important and necessary step for quality control of ground-based weather radars. In this two-part paper ground clutter mitigation is addressed using a time-domain regression filter. Clutter filtering is now widely accomplished with spectral processing where the times series of data corresponding to a radar resolution volume are transformed with a Discrete Fourier Transform after which the zero and near-zero velocity clutter components are eliminated by setting them to zero. Subsequently for reectivity, velocity and spectrum width estimates, interpolation techniques are used to recover some of the power loss due to the clutter filter, which has been shown to reduce bias. The spectral technique requires that the I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) time series be windowed in order to reduce clutter power leakage away from zero and near-zero velocities. Unfortunately, window functions such as the Hamming, Hann and Blackman attenuate the time series signal by 4.01, 4.19 and 5.23 dB for 64-point times series, respectively, and thereby effectively reduce the number of independent samples available for estimating the radar parameters of any underlying weather echo. Here in Part 1 a regression filtering technique is investigated, via simulated data, which does not require the use of such window functions and thus provides for better weather signal statistics. In Part 2 (Hubbert et al. 2021) the technique is demonstrated using both S-Pol and NEXRAD data. It is shown that the regression filter rejects clutter as effectively as the spectral technique but has the distinct advantage that estimates of the radar variables are greatly improved. The technique is straightforward and can be executed in real time.

Oxidation of Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone by Monochromate Ions in Organic Solvents and on Solvent Free Microwave Irradiation under Phase Transfer Catalysis - A Comparative Study

Oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were carried out by acidified monochromate ions in ethyl acetate and toluene under phase transfer catalysis and also in solvent free condition under microwave irradiation. The extraction of monochromate ions from aqueous medium to organic phase was carried by employing various phase transfer catalysts in the presence of mineral acids. The effect of [catalyst] and [mineral acid] on extraction of monochromate from aqueous phase to organic phase was also studied. The product obtained, namely adipic acid obtained with both reactants was characterized by its melting point and infrared spectral technique. The reaction was over within 15 min with more than 85% yield at a temperature of 323 K under microwave irradiation where as it gave around 70% yield at 353 K within 150 min under phase transfer catalysis condition. The enhanced reaction rate and high yield of product substantiate the application of phase transfer catalytic technique under microwave irradiation for organic synthesis. A suitable mechanism for the oxidation of substrates by monochromate under phase transfer catalysis is also suggested.

The New Second and Higher Order Spectral Technique for Damage Monitoring of Structures and Machinery

The new second and higher order spectral technique, the cross-covariance of complex spectral components, is proposed for monitoring damage of structure and machinery Normalization of the proposed technique is also developed. It is shown by simulation that the proposed technique provides effectiveness gain for detecting of damage compared to the higher order spectra.