The Lisbon International Congress of the Press: the dawn of professional journalism

This is a study of cultural history that intends to analyse the importance of the international gatherings for the history of the press and journalism. The congresses and their theoretical work provided an important contribution to the exposure and the deepening of those issues that, in the Lisbon Congress, led to the approval of a directive by which each national association should promote journalism within higher education. Centred in this event demonstrates how, without losing completely the sense of mission, journalism became a regulated profession and the journalist a professional with rights and duties inherent in that condition. In connection, the beginnings of the press as mega-industry and the position of the journalist as an employee in the cultural and political global context, with all the class associations, the alliances and social cleavages that this growth caused along the 20th century were patent in the debate occurred in Lisbon, substantiating it in a particularly decisive period of the evolution of democratic society. As a symptom of growth and adaptation, the debate during the Congress crisscrossed several important positions regarding the evolution of journalism, both as an idea and a concept, and as a profession. In addition tobeing a contribution to the research of the history of the press and its main actors in a little-studied chapter the international relations of the press, the relevance of this study lies in the fact of opening for current debates and reflection helping to understand the failures and achievements of contemporaneity.

Mujeres Gladiadoras. Prensa republicana femenina y movilización política en los inicios de la cultura mediática en España (1896-1922).

: The enormous potential of the Spanish republican female press at the junction of the 19th-20th centuries acquires historical interest due to the renewal of the journalistic market aimed at women, which, transcending the framework of beauty, fashion, home and domestic economy magazines welcomes a political, doctrinaire, militant and radical journalism, directed and written by women, although it had male collaborations. This press - El Progreso, La Conciencia Libre, El Gladiador, El Gladiador del Librepensamiento and Redención, among other publications- conferred recognition and intellectual authority on its promoters, by giving them the possibility of spreading their ideals, create opinion, influencing the public sphere and articulating a political tradition and culture that has been largely neglected in the history of the press. Keywords: Republican press, women, media culture, Spain, 19th - 20th centuries.

Protecting heritage during a crisis

Heritage creates people’s memory as well as their existence. The Knooz Syria archive represents the history of the press and printing in Syria from the mid-nineteenth century up to the 1970s. When its founders began collecting materials, they did not predict the crisis that wrecked Syria beginning in 2011. Forced to flee Damascus, they left behind tens of thousands of newspapers, books and documents representing more than 200 years of extended history. With the help of the Prince Claus Fund in the Netherlands, they were able to move an important part of the collection to a safe place. Work continues to move the remaining parts and to archive it electronically. This essay examines the creation of that archive, the threats it faces and the possibilities for its future.

El debate sobre el gobierno en la Nueva Granada: un análisis léxico métrico de la prensa (1810-1820) / The Debate about the Government in New Granada: A Metric Lexical Analysis of the Press (1810-1820)

ABSTRACTThe present work is aimed at exposing a part of the research called “Cultural History of the Press in Colombia (1810-1820).” It performed a metric lexical analysis to six newspapers of the time. This paper deals with the reflection that was done around the issue of government in Nueva Granada during the Napoleonic invasions. It is a situation characterized by a power emptiness in the colonies due to the abdication and subsequent arrest of King Ferdinand VII. The discussion staged in newspapers shows the ideological fragmentation of neogranadinos enlightened and struggles of significance in relation to the form of government, loyalty to the king and the legitimacy of independence.RESUMENEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer una parte de la investigación “Historia Cultural de la Prensa en Colombia (1810-1820)” que realizó un análisis léxico métrico a seis periódicos de la época. Este ensayo trata sobre la reflexión que se hacía en torno a la problemática del gobierno en la Nueva Granada durante las invasiones napoleónicas. Es una coyuntura caracterizada por un vacío de poder en las colonias debido a la abdicación y posterior arresto del rey Fernando VII. La discusión escenificada en los periódicos muestra la fragmentación ideológica de los ilustrados neogranadinos y las luchas de significación con respecto a la forma de gobierno, la lealtad al rey y la legitimidad de la independencia.

History and the Press: A Case Study of Australia and Nigeria

The circumstances of birth and the political setting contribute significantly to the nature, roles and effectiveness of a mass medium. The birth of the Nigerian press, in an era of contentious colonial rule and heightened missionary activity, for example, produced newspapers that were essentially a combative and indomitable anti-colonial force. Furthermore, the Nigerian press was propelled by historical circumstances to become a strong but improbable supporter of military rule until 1998 when it began to promote democracy. Although Australia was, like Nigeria, a British colony, its history had a different effect on the growth, values and direction of its press. The paper will argue that the significant similarities and differences between the Australian and the Nigerian journalism can be attributed to the history of the press in these countries.

A defesa do liberalismo nas páginas do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo durante a campanha "O petróleo é nosso" (1946-1953) * The defense of liberalism in O Estado de S. Paulo’s pages during the campaign "The oil is ours" (1946-1953)

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Este trabalho tem por objetivo acompanhar a participação do jornal <em>O Estado de S. Paulo</em> nos debates travados em torno da criação da Petrobras. Órgão de tendência liberal, defendeu em suas páginas a presença do capital estrangeiro na economia brasileira opondo-se aos nacionalistas da campanha “O petróleo é nosso”, que defendiam a exploração de petróleo por meio do monopólio estatal. A imprensa teve um papel importante na questão do petróleo e aqui é entendida como um agente histórico que intervém nos acontecimentos, forma opiniões, conquista adeptos para suas causas e difunde projetos políticos e visões de mundo. Com o periódico paulista não foi diferente. A leitura de suas páginas, entre os anos de 1946 e 1953, revelou as estratégias e argumentos mobilizados pelo jornal para convencer o leitor a apoiar abertura do setor petrolífero à iniciativa privada.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> História da imprensa – O Estado de S. Paulo – Petrobras – Liberalismo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper aims to monitor the participation of the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo in debates around the creation of Petrobras. This liberal trend organ defended in its pages the presence of foreign capital in the Brazilian economy opposing the nationalist campaign ". The oil is ours " , which defended the oil exploration through the state monopoly . The press played an important role in the oil issue and here it is understood as a historical agent that intervenes in events, constitutes opinions, attract followers for their causes and spreads political projects and worldviews . With this São Paulo’s newspaper it was not different. Reading its pages between the years 1946 and 1953 revealed the strategies and arguments deployed by the newspaper to persuade the readers to support the opening of the oil sector to private initiative.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>History of the press – O Estado de S. Paulo – Petrobras – Liberalism.</p>

Sensacionalismo, justicia y gobierno en la prensa neogranadina, 1830-1858

ResumenEl tema de este análisis es la historia de la prensa que se publicó durante la República de Nueva Granada (1830-1858). El trabajo pretende señalar el lugar que aquella ocupó en la vida pública de los neogranadinos. Para tal fin, se priorizan los casos en los cuales la prensa registró algunos eventos críticos del ámbito de la política, de ahí que se concluye que los periódicos cumplieron tres funciones esenciales. De una parte, fueron una herramienta pedagógica de los gobiernos para inculcar en los lectores una cultura del republicanismo. En segundo lugar, sirvieron como un amplificador del caos; por último se convirtieron en el escenario extrajurídico para resolver litigios durante las guerras. Palabras clave: Historia de la prensa, política, sensacionalismo, justicia, guerra.*********************************************************Sensationalism, justice and governance in the Nueva Granada press, 1830-1858AbstractThe subject of this analysis is the history of the press which was published during the Republic of New Granada (1830-1858). The work aims to point out the place that occupied in the public life of the New Granada people. For this purpose, are prioritized the cases in which the press recorded some critical of the scope of the policy events, hence, it is concluded that newspapers met three essential functions. First, were an educational tool of Governments to inculcate a culture of republicanism in readers. Second, they served as an amplifier of chaos; Finally became the extra-legal scenario to resolve disputes during the wars. Key words: History of the press, political, sensationalism, justice, war.**********************************************************Sensacionalismo, justiça e governo nos jornais neogranadinos, 1830-1858ResumoO tema desta análise é a história dos jornais que foram publicados durantes a República de Nueva Granada (1830-1858). O trabalho pretende sinalizar o lugar que aqueles ocuparam na vida pública dos neogranadinos. Para tal finalidade, se priorizam os casos nos quais os jornais registraram alguns eventos críticos do âmbito da política, daí se conclui que os jornais cumpriram três funções essenciais. De uma parte, foram ferramenta pedagógica dos governos para inculcar nos leitores uma cultura do republicanismo. No segundo termo, serviram como um amplificador do caos; por último, se converteram no cenário extrajurídico para resolver litígios durante as guerras. Palavras chave: História dos jornais, política, sensacionalismo, justiça, guerra.