Heraldic Hierarchies

Early modern heraldry was far from a nostalgic remnant from a feudal past. From the Reformation to the French Revolution, aspiring men seized on these signs to position themselves in a changing society, imbuing heraldic tradition with fresh meaning. Whereas post-medieval developments are all too often described in terms of decadence and stifling formality, recent studies rightly stress the dynamic capacity of bearing arms. Heraldic Hierarchies aims to correct former misconceptions. Contributing authors rethink the influence of shifting notions of nobility on armorial display and expand this topic to heraldry’s share in shaping and contesting status. Moreover, addressing a common thread, the volume explores how emerging states turned the heraldic experience into an instrument of power and policy. Contributing to debates on social and noble identity, Heraldic Hierarchies uncovers a vital and surprising aspect of the pre-modern hierarchical world.

THE HERALDRY OF THE DE BOHUN EARLS

This paper analyses the evidence relating to the heraldry used by the patriarchs of the de Bohun family (1066–1373) as preserved in seal impressions, rolls of arms, manuscripts, wills, inventories and personal objects held in private collections. It traces the development of the family’s coat of arms, as well as the adoption and use by the de Bohun earls of various heraldic symbols (such as the swan, the trefoil, the leopard and the wyvern) to serve as a reminder of the family’s glorious ancestry and its many royal and noble marital alliances. By analysing the unique heraldry adopted by each de Bohun earl, this paper concludes that the family’s noble identity evolved over several generations and that the choice of heraldic symbols by each earl was highly individual, providing a unique insight into their sense of identity and personal values, as well as their desire to ensure family memory.

Pendidikan Madrasah Berbasis 4.0 dalam Bingkai Manajemen Mutu

This paper examines 4.0-based madrasa education in a quality management frame with descriptive historical methods. This study discusses the world of madrasa education has many opinions, therefore, the application of the 4.0-based quality management system in improving quality to produce products that have cognitive and affective, psychomotor intelligence and maintain schools with distinctive characteristics of character and noble identity based on values religious values and being able to self-regulate in the 4.0 era. not maximal, it requires government policy by providing sufficient budget, so that madrasas can support their teachers, complete their educational facilities and infrastructure, provide digital-based textbooks, God willing, which can be easily resolved. The National Education System Law, which was passed several years ago, would provide an opportunity for the government to give adequate attention to all educational institutions, including madrasa education.

Secular Monograms, Social Status, and Authority in the Late Roman World and Early Byzantium

This chapter examines the use of monograms as graphic signs of imperial authority in the late Roman and early Byzantine empire, from its appropriation on imperial coinage in the mid-fifth century to its employment in other material media in the following centuries. It also overviews the use of monograms by imperial officials and aristocrats as visible signs of social power and noble identity on mass-produced objects, dress accessories, and luxury items. The concluding section discusses a new social function for late antique monograms as visible tokens of a new Christian paideia and of elevated social status, related to ennobling calligraphic skills. This transformation of monograms into an attribute of visual Christian culture became especially apparent in sixth-century Byzantium, with the cruciform monograms appearing in the second quarter of the sixth century and becoming a default monogrammatic form from the seventh century onwards.

The Noble Identity of Gavin Douglas

This essay takes up Sally Mapstone’s contention that Scottish Advice to Princes was directed as much to magnates and their supporters as it ever was to the king, and applies it to Gavin Douglas’ Eneados. It considers the manner in which Douglas’ translation represents nobility, national identity, and political violence, with reference to Douglas’ own magnatial identity and that of the poem’s patron, William Sinclair. It considers both the prologues and the translated texts, examining further the relationship between them. In so doing, it places the Eneados in the context of Virgilian criticism as well as Older Scots poetic traditions, and demonstrates parallels in language choices regarding war, government, and rule.

Nobility

The nobility became a widely despised target of French revolutionaries despite its own lack of unity and its general openness to reform. The strength of the antipathy toward nobility is explained in part by the debates about noble identity that had coursed through French culture for much of the eighteenth century. Those debates brought forth conflicting perspectives, as some sought to revive and expand while others sought to attenuate noble power, standing, and influence. Perhaps the most important consequence of these debates, however, was to reveal the uncertain and contested foundations of noble pre-eminence—a cultural ambiguity that contrasted sharply, and troublingly, with noble assertions of political solidarity in 1788–9.