ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ BƯỚC ĐẦU PHẪU THUẬT BỆNH NHÂN BIẾN DẠNG CỘT SỐNG DO THOÁI HÓA BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP CỐ ĐỊNH CỘT SỐNG LỐI SAU NGỰC THẮT LƯNG ĐẾN S2 BẰNG VÍT QUA KHỚP CÙNG CHẬU, GIẢI ÉP, HÀN XƯƠNG LIÊN THÂN ĐỐT THẮT LƯNG CÙNG TẠI KHOA PHẪU THUẬT CỘT SỐNG BỆNH V

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá sự cải thiện kết quả lâm sàng và chỉ số trên phim Xquang toàn bộ cột sống sau phẫu thuật điều trị biến dạng cột sống thoái hóa bằng phương pháp phẫu thuật cố định cột sống lối sau ngực thắt lưng đến S2 bằng vít qua khớp cùng chậu, giải ép, hàn xương liên thân đốt thắt lưng cùng (Long Fusion from Sacrum to Thoracic Spine - LFSTS). Phương pháp: nghiên cứu hồi cứu trên 15 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán Biến dạng cột sống thoái hóa ở người trưởng thành (Adult spinal deformity - ASD) được phẫu thuật LFSTS tại khoa Phẫu thuật cột sống Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức từ 1/2018 đến tháng 01/2021. Kết quả: có 14 bệnh nhân nữ (93,3%) và 1 bệnh nhân nam (6,7%), độ tuổi trung bình là 63,6±6,4. Sự cải thiện về SVA trước mổ là 75,19mm sau mổ là 42,22mm. Có sự cải thiện có ý nghĩa thống kê về chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân qua các chỉ số ODI, bộ câu hỏi SRS-22. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật LFSTS đem lại kết quả tốt về cân bằng đứng dọc trên Xquang và sự cải thiện về chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân.

Alteration of the Sitting and Standing Movement in Adult Spinal Deformity

Adults with spinal deformity (ASD) are known to have spinal malalignment affecting their quality of life and daily life activities. While walking kinematics were shown to be altered in ASD, other functional activities are yet to be evaluated such as sitting and standing, which are essential for patients’ autonomy and quality of life perception. In this cross-sectional study, 93 ASD subjects (50 ± 20 years; 71 F) age and sex matched to 31 controls (45 ± 15 years; 18 F) underwent biplanar radiographic imaging with subsequent calculation of standing radiographic spinopelvic parameters. All subjects filled HRQOL questionnaires such as SF36 and ODI. ASD were further divided into 34 ASD-sag (with PT > 25° and/or SVA >5 cm and/or PI-LL >10°), 32 ASD-hyperTK (with only TK >60°), and 27 ASD-front (with only frontal malalignment: Cobb >20°). All subjects underwent 3D motion analysis during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. The range of motion (ROM) and mean values of pelvis, lower limbs, thorax, head, and spinal segments were calculated on the kinematic waveforms. Kinematics were compared between groups and correlations to radiographic and HRQOL scores were computed. During sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements, ASD-sag had decreased pelvic anteversion (12.2 vs 15.2°), hip flexion (53.0 vs 62.2°), sagittal mobility in knees (87.1 vs 93.9°), and lumbar mobility (L1L3-L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. ASD-hyperTK showed increased dynamic lordosis (L1L3–L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°), segmental thoracic kyphosis (T2T10–T10L1: 32.0 vs 17.2°, C7T2–T2T10: 30.4 vs 17.7°), and thoracolumbar extension (T10L1–L1L3: −12.4 vs −5.5°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. They also had increased mobility at the thoracolumbar and upper-thoracic spine. Both ASD-sag and ASD-hyperTK maintained a flexed trunk, an extended head along with an increased trunk and head sagittal ROM. Kinematic alterations were correlated to radiographic parameters and HRQOL scores. Even after controlling for demographic factors, dynamic trunk flexion was determined by TK and PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.44). Lumbar sagittal ROM was determined by PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.13). In conclusion, the type of spinal deformity in ASD seems to determine the strategy used for sitting and standing. Future studies should evaluate whether surgical correction of the deformity could restore sitting and standing kinematics and ultimately improve quality of life.

Utility of the MISDEF2 Algorithm and Extent of Fusion in Open Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up

Objective: Long-segment fusion in adult spinal deformity (ASD) is often needed, but more focal surgeries may provide significant relief with less morbidity. The minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery (MISDEF2) algorithm guides minimally invasive ASD surgery, but it may be useful in open ASD surgery. We classified ASD patients undergoing focal decompression, limited decompression and fusion, and full correction according to MISDEF2 and correlated outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study of ASD patients treated by 2 surgeons at our hospital was performed. Inclusion criteria were: age > 50, minimum 2-year follow-up, and open ASD surgery. Tumor, trauma, and infections were excluded. Patients had open surgery including focal decompression, short segment fusion, or full scoliosis correction. All patients were categorized by MISDEF2 into 4 classes based upon spinopelvic parameters. Perioperative metrics were assessed. Radiographic correction, complications and reoperation were recorded.Results: A total of 136 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 46 ± 15.8 months (range, 24–118 months). Forty-seven underwent full deformity correction, 71 underwent short segment fusion, and 18 underwent decompression alone. There were 24 cases of class I, 66 cases of class II, 23 cases of class III, and 23 cases of class IV patients. Patients in class I and II had perioperative complication rates of 0% and 16.7% and revision rates of 8% and 21.2% when undergoing focal decompression or limited fusion. However, class II patients undergoing full correction had higher perioperative complications rate (p = 0.03) and revision surgery rates (p = 0.047). This difference was not seen in class III patients (p > 0.05). All class IV patients underwent full correction, but they had higher perioperative complication rates (p < 0.019), comparable revision surgery rates (p = 0.27), and better radiographic realignment (p < 0.001). In addition, full deformity correction was associated with longer length of stay, increased blood loss, and longer operative time (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The MISDEF2 algorithm may help guide ASD surgical decision making even in open surgery, with focal treatment used in class I and II patients as a viable alternative and full correction implemented in class IV patients because of severe malalignment. However, class II patients with ASD undergoing full deformity correction do have higher complication rates.