Elderly malnutrition: brachial and leg perimeter as indicators of early intervention

Background The aged population are often malnourished especially if they live in a Nursing Home (NH) due to their health status, depression and environmental factors. An early and accurate diagnosis of malnutrition is essential so the nutritional therapy can be started as soon as possible. The aim is to study the relationship between the degree of malnutrition in aged population living in two NH and anthropometric measures like brachial perimeter (BP) and leg (PP). Methods Were included elderly people aged ≥65 years. The nutritional assessment status was through the application of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software with a descriptive and inferential analysis. The level of critical significance chosen was 5%. Results 83 seniors of both genders (78.3% female) were evaluated with a middle age of 83.4 ± 7.9 years. The application of MNA revealed that 33.7% of the seniors are in malnutrition risk and 43.4% malnourished. Older elderly people (P = 0.03) with less mobility (r = -0.722; P < 0.001) and bigger food dependency (r = -0.674; P < 0.001) have a higher risk of malnutrition. Individuals with lower BP (P = 0.024) and PP (P < 0.001) are more likely to be malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and those who are more dependent on food, a lower PP (P < 0.001). Conclusions In the impossibility of applying MNA, BP and PP can be measured in the admission of the user, as determining factors of malnutrition, for an earlier intervention, despite the fact that the nutritionist’s presence in these institutions is crucial

Peasant Agroecological Markets Network: Possible Platform for a Regional Eco-agri-food System

The health emergency caused by Covid 19 highlighted the food dependency of many cities in the world and Cali and the cities of Valle del Cauca were no exception as they depended on food flows from other regions and countries, so these Entities are part of the corporate food system, to which their rulers delegated food security for their inhabitants. In the same territory and for the last nine years, a second-level organization has been consolidating that brings together 14 peasant agroecological markets and that despite strict confinement measures was able to continue supplying food to consumers in the municipalities of influence that have supported this initiative. The foregoing leads to think that said organization can become a platform for an agroecological food system of regional scope, for which the characteristics that said system should have according to a model based on the principles of agroecology were evaluated.

Nanotechnology an Option in Mexican Agriculture

In Mexico, agriculture is increasingly less profitable, due to this situation its contribution to the country’s economy decreases day by day, which has encouraged the import of food, thus causing poverty and migration, food dependency and other undesirable situations for the healthy development of society in general, not only the rural population but also the urban population is affected, so all the technologies that can change this scenario are sought and explored, one of them being Nanotechnology, despite the benefits of nanotechnology, as is always the case, it is not applied in agriculture as most of the most widely used technologies in the world today, such as mechatronics, and other modern technologies such as neural networks, Artificial vision, and internet of things , this is also happening with nanotechnology, De la Revision made only some Authors have done the rest of the research only publishing revisions of research done abroad, so it is proposed that decision makers support researchers who really do work on this discipline that is so promising at present for the good of our agriculture , this being the objective of this work will review what has been done in this field in this regard in the nation

IS OIL EXPORT A CURSE IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES? EVIDENCE OF PARADOX OF PLENTY ON FOOD DEPENDENCY

The study focuses on the “curse of resources” and on the “paradox of plenty”, to test the extent to which the oil-export may contribute to the food dependency and to the food insecurity of a country. The empirical analysis is carried out in countries characterized by a percentage of oil contribution to the GDP between 45% to 90% meanwhile facing food security challenges. The estimated model shows the sizable and statistically significant impact of oil export on food import and undernourishment. The analysis is further extended to the tails implementing, besides OLS, the quantile regression estimator.

Dysphagia in the elderly in long-stay institutions - a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify in the literature, through a systematic review, the dietary conditions of the elderly in long-stay institutions, seeking to observe the general care and agents that potentiate dysphagia, in order to review aspects of dysphagia and deglutition risk indicators in the elderly. A survey, regarding the articles published from 2009 on, with the descriptors "elderly, long-stay institution and dysphagia", in Portuguese and English, on Scielo, PubMed and Lilacs, was performed, totaling 423 articles in the initial search, from which, 13 that were in agreement with the inclusion criteria adopted were chosen, 2 being repeated in more than one research source. At the end, 11 articles were included for analysis and discussion. It was observed that most the long-stay institutions do not have adequate structure to treat the elderly in a multidisciplinary approach. In all those studies, the negligence with the elderly’s oral hygiene, which potentiates the development of pulmonary infections in cases of aspiration, was evidenced. The association between dementia, food dependency and increase in feeding time was also observed in the literature, as well as the association of medication use with the interference in food dynamics. In addition, many studies have shown that, although the Stomatognathic System structures are altered due to the aging process, the elderly have the functions of speech, chewing and swallowing adapted, without greater damage to their general health. It can be concluded that long-stay institutions do not offer adequate staff to care for the elderly to reduce the risks for dysphagia.

Shortcomings of global multilateral agrifood trade and a new food-dependency-based protagonism

<p>In this paper, we explore the relationship between agriculture and trade liberalisation, by discussing the dissident posture of High-income Food-dependent Countries (HIFDC) in the post 2008 food crises scenario. Indicating how these changes have led to the emergence of a new food-dependency-based protagonism where security has primacy over trade.</p>